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(155, 'in Cornell Svante and Starr Fredrick (eds.), “Guns of August, Russia’s war in Georgia in 2008”, New-York, ME Sharpe, 2009', 'in-cornell-svante-and-starr-fredrick-eds-guns-of-august-russias-war-in-georgia-in-2008-new-york-me-sharpe-2009', '', '<p style="margin-bottom: 0.19in;" align="center" lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Imperial servant at the head of the state:  Eduard Shevardnadze’s uneasy relations with Russia</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span lang="en-GB">in Cornell Svante and Starr Fredrick (eds.), “</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Guns of August, Russia’s war in Georgia in 2008</em></span><span lang="en-GB">”, New-York, ME Sharpe, 2009</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Thornike Gordadze</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">French Institute of Anatolian Studies  (IFEA), Caucasus observatory head. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Associated researcher at the CERI</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">“Four centuries of resistance!” – so  proclaimed thousands of leaflets distributed in Tbilisi by young  Georgian activists during the August 2008 war with Russia. Analyzing  Georgian-Russian relations solely in terms of resistance is  understandable when Russian tanks were 40 km away from the country’s  capital, but a more balanced assessment requires a more nuanced  understanding of the question. The relationship between a local polity  and an external center of power attempting to establish its domination  is by necessity more complex, definitely equivocal, and essentially  unstable. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Throughout history, local rulers have made  deals with empires, and their dependence has never been total. Phases of  military conquest and crude repression have tended to be followed by a  “hegemonic stage,” in which the dominant power seeks to co-opt local  elites. This has even been known to end in a growing dependence of the  imperial power on the local ruler. An eagerness to control the Caucasus  and its central country, Georgia, has been a <em>leitmotiv</em> of all  Russian empires. It was in the Caucasus that imperial pride and dreams  of greatness were nurtured, and where Russia took refuge in order to  deflect frustration away from its continuous resentment vis-à-vis the  West. \r\n', '\r\n</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Today’s Russia again considers itself  something akin to an empire. After a short period of hesitation  following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia, having failed to  invent a new identity for itself, reverted to the old ideal of empire.  But the modern Russian empire is strikingly more fragile than its  predecessors, because it tries to carry out a rather difficult, if not  impossible, task, namely, to make a long abandoned political model  viable in a totally new environment. As long as Russia sticks to this  line, it will be condemned to great fragility. And as long as Russia is  fragile, its relationship with the surrounding world – and especially  with its immediate neighbors – will tend to be uneasy and troubled. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Being a hegemonic and nationality-based  empire, the Soviet Union rehabilitated and in certain respects  reinforced the role of local actors. The Soviet experience was formative  for those who took on the ambivalent and dual role of acting  simultaneously as community leaders and imperial servants. In the 1990s,  during the era of Boris Yeltsin’s Russia, Georgia was led by Eduard  Shevardnadze, a former high-level Soviet official, who had presided over  Communist Georgia in the 1970s before being brought to Moscow by  Mikhail Gorbachev, who made him Soviet Foreign Minister. Shevardnadze  was a perfect example of a man who sought to reconcile in one life many  different roles. Georgian-Russian relations under his presidency and  that of Yeltsin in Russia vividly illustrate all the ambiguities and  difficulties of a post-imperial conflict.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A tumultuous start: Georgian Independence  without state and Russian Empire without policy</span></strong></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The roughly two years spanning the fall of  Zviad Gamsakhurdia and the end of the Abkhaz war, from January 1992 to  September 1993, illustrate several core aspects of Russian-Georgian  relations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, indeed setting the  stage for the coming decade. The West dismissed with total indifference  the radically anti-hegemonic regime of Zviad Gamsakhurdia. The main  Western priority at the time was to guarantee stability on the territory  of the dissolving nuclear empire. But once the shock of disintegration  was over, both Russia and Georgia came back to their classical national  projects: for Russia, the restoration of an Empire or at the very least a  zone of influence; for Georgia, the construction of a nation-state.  Inevitably, their interests clashed again; the regime of Eduard  Shevardnadze, presumed by many to be loyal to Moscow, turned out to be  as attached to the idea of independence and sovereignty as its  predecessor, the Gamsakhurdia regime, had been. Russia, in order to  impose its hegemony, had somehow to punish this new regime. Yet during  this period it became clear that no serious political force in Georgia  would ever be so obedient to Moscow as to abandon its sovereignty and  territorial integrity. In spite of the tense relations, it would be  unfair to argue that Russia was unilaterally initiating all the  processes that developed in Georgia and its breakaway territories. At  least in the beginning of 1990s, Russia was subjected to internal  turmoil, which left it reacting to events in Georgia rather than  initiating them. Even then, Russia was never unresponsive, because it  had never, even in the worst times, abandoned the idea of maintaining a  special influence outside its borders. Georgian opposition to  Gamsakhurdia would certainly have existed even without Russia, yet  Russia’s role in his overthrow was by no means significant. Likewise,  some sort of ethnic conflict in Abkhazia was in all probability  unavoidable, but without Russian involvement the outcome of these events  would in all likelihood have been very different.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">There are now many indications that Russia  backed the coup that ousted Zviad Gamsakhurdia from the presidency in  December 1991-January 1992. Moscow viewed Gamsakhurdia as a Russophobe  and as a danger to Russia’s dominance over the entire Caucasus.  Gamsakhurdia, whose term in office was characterized by serious  mismanagement of both domestic and foreign affairs, was strongly  attached to the idea of a “Common Caucasian Home.” This was a rather  utopian idea of a “United Caucasus” that would challenge Moscow’s  domination of the region. The first fruits of this idea were already  apparent with the sealing of an alliance between Gamsakhurdia and Jokhar  Dudayev’s independent republic of Chechnya. Gamsakhurdia attended  Dudayev''s inauguration as President in 1991 and when Gamsakhurdia was  overthrown, he chose Chechnya as his place of asylum. While he resided  in Grozny, Gamsakhurdia also helped to organize the first “All-Caucasian  Conference” which was attended by independent-minded groups from across  the region. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The Georgian opposition to Gamsakhurdia was  a strange alliance between defeated communist apparatchiks,  anti-Gamsakhurdia nationalists, and organized crime chiefs known as the  “criminal authorities.” Moscow supported this heterogeneous opposition  both financially and technically, while the Russian military stationed  in Georgia supplied it with weapons. Exiled former Georgian communist  leaders, such as Akaki<strong> </strong>Mgeladze, had initiated the alliance  between former communists, the outlawed <em>Mkhedrioni</em> militia, and  some units of the National Guard under the command of Tengiz Kitovani.  In his memoirs, published in 1999, <em>Mkhedrioni </em>chief Jaba  Ioseliani described Kitovani’s close relations with Russian generals.<sup><a name="sdfootnote1anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote1sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Once Gamsakhurdia was overthrown, power was  vested in the Military Council made up of former Prime Minister Tengiz  Sigua, Kitovani, and Ioseliani.<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span>The  putschists used the anti-Gamsakhurdia nationalists such as the National  Democratic Party, the Party of National Independence, and the Popular  Front to provide some moral legitimacy for their coup but never offered  them a share of power. They established a bizarre political assembly  called the State Council, <em>Sakhelmtzipo Sabcho</em>, with  representation of all existing political parties except Gamsakhurdia’s  followers. <span lang="en-GB">No elections were held until October 1992,  and the Assembly, which was a simple agglomeration of existing parties,  had neither a structure nor real power.</span> Actual power rested in  the hands of armed groups and militias under Ioseliani and Kitovani’s  authority. Even though the international community recognized Georgia’s  independence, Russia’s military continued to back the new government. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">All rulers seek a minimum of legitimacy. It  is for this reason that the Military Council, which had become  extremely unpopular for its brutal repression of the Zviadists, invited  Eduard Shevardnadze to return to Georgia in March 1992.<sup><a name="sdfootnote2anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote2sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span></sup></a></sup> Shortly thereafter,  Shevardnadze joined Ioseliani, Sigua, and Kitovani to form the  Presidium of the State Council. All four were given the power to veto  decisions of the State Council. Parliamentary elections were held in  October 1992, and Shevardnadze was elected Chairman of Parliament, which  remained the highest position in the state until the adoption of a  presidential constitution in 1995.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From the very beginning, a large portion of  Georgian society was critical of Shevardnadze. Zviad Gamsakhurdia  continued to enjoy substantial support, especially in the western part  of the country, and Shevardnadze’s past led to the firm belief that he  was closely tied to Russia, some seeing him as nothing more than a  Russian figurehead. This opinion was reinforced in June 1992, when  Shevardnadze signed a cease-fire agreement on the South Ossetian  conflict with Boris Yeltsin in the resort of Dagomys, close to Sochi in  the Russian North Caucasus. Following the agreement, Georgian Forces  that were in a dominant position in the Tskhinvali region and were  blockading the secessionist stronghold there retreated, and joint  Russian–Georgian-Ossetian peacekeeping battalions were set up to patrol  the conflict zone. The agreement was clearly advantageous for Russia,  given that Ossetian and Russian battalions were acting in concert, and  it turned out to be very negative for Georgia. <span lang="en-GB">The  document, officially called the “Agreement on Principles for the  Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict between Georgia and  Russia,” produced a quadrilateral Joint Control Commission (JCC),  consisting of Russian, North Ossetian, South Ossetian, and Georgian  sides tasked to supervise the implementation of the agreement. This  four-sided body was by no means acceptable to Georgia. Besides the  presence of Russia as a biased broker, it included </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>two</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Ossetian delegations,  while Georgia was represented only by its central government. Hence both  the political representation and the peacekeeping structure ruled out  any possibility of parity from the very beginning. Not surprisingly, </span>Shevardnadze’s  critics considered this move as a betrayal of the national interests of  Georgia in favor of Russia. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In fact, reality was much more complex. No  doubt, Eduard Shevardnadze’s entire political career had been connected  with the Soviet Union. He was a classically ambivalent figure, who knew  how to take advantage of his local resources to gain a privileged place  in an imperial system, but who also could use his imperial credentials  to assert his power at the local level. As in many post-colonial  transitions, be became the imperial servant who transformed himself into  a post-imperial national leader. But in the beginning of the 1990s,  Shevardnadze’s Russian credentials were ambiguous. Earlier, he had been  closely associated with Gorbachev’s political team, but by 1992 this  grouping had already been marginalized. The Soviet Union had collapsed,  and Russia was ruled by factions, symbolized by Boris Yeltsin, that in  the past had opposed Gorbachev. Moreover, Russia’s orthodox communists  and the military and security communities hated Gorbachev and his circle  even more than Yeltsin and his allies did, holding them responsible for  “the loss of half of Europe,” the “surrender of Afghanistan,” and,  finally, the destruction of the Empire. Shevardnadze himself had a small  circle of allies in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, chiefly  persons he had promoted when he was minister, men like Andrei Kozyrev  and Igor Ivanov, who both ended up as ministers themselves. Yet most  members of the new Russian political elite were hostile to Shevardnadze.  Indeed, whatever political capital he may have accumulated as Minister  of Foreign Affairs during <em>Perestroika</em> was more exploitable in the  West, where he had enjoyed the image of a liberal minister who was  among those chiefly responsible for ending the Cold War. To encourage  Georgia’s fresh start<strong>, </strong>U.S. Secretary of State<strong> </strong>James Baker  and German Minister of Foreign Affairs Hans-Dietrich Genscher visited  the country just as clashes between pro- and anti-Gamsakhurdia forces  were breaking out. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Georgia was breaking the wall of  international isolation that had surrounded the country under the  successive rule of Gamsakhurdia and the Military Council.<sup><a name="sdfootnote3anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote3sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">3</span></sup></a></sup> Yet Western  interests in the region were still very limited compared to those of a  weakened but still very visible Russia. Later claims by Russian  officials and some Russian and Western analysts that Russia suffered a  “severe humiliation” at the hands of the West in the beginning of the  1990s does not hold up to serious analysis. Indeed, events demonstrate  that the West accepted almost everything Russia undertook in the  Caucasus in the name of stability. The West strikingly lacked any  willingness to get involved in the region. America’s presence was very  limited, and the administration of George H.W. Bush validated and even  welcomed the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS),  which from the very beginning Russia defined as a zone of its own  particular interest. It is revealing that the term “near abroad” emerged  during the presidency of Yeltsin, not Putin’s. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Moscow had total freedom of maneuver during  the wars in Abkhazia (August 1992-September 1993) and Mountainous  Karabakh (from 1991 to May 1994).<sup><a name="sdfootnote4anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote4sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">4</span></sup></a></sup> Russia’s conduct in  these wars received no serious criticism or condemnation from Western  countries. The West was happy that Russia was unable to intervene in the  Balkans, one of the West’s top priorities at that time, and was  therefore disinclined to criticize Russia for its role in the ethnic  cleansing and mass killings that occurred in Abkhazia in 1992-1993, and  which were committed either by Russian citizens involved as “volunteers”  or by Abkhaz secessionists whom the Russian military had armed and  trained.<sup><a name="sdfootnote5anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote5sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">5</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In April 1993, speaking to the Georgian  parliament, Shevardnadze had to recognize that in Abkhazia Georgia was  in fact facing Russia.<sup><a name="sdfootnote6anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote6sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">6</span></sup></a></sup> In fact, the  conflict in Abkhazia and Russia’s growing involvement on the side of the  Abkhaz had already nullified any hopes that may have existed of a  partnership between the two countries. Georgians’ distrust of Russia was  even greater now than it had been during the Gamsakhurdia period. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Russia more and more actively involved  itself in the war. The first official reactions from the Kremlin and  President Yeltsin’s office were not anti-Georgian and emanated  benevolent neutrality. At the start of the Abkhaz war there was no  consensus in Russia as to how it should be treated. Nor, for that  matter, was there any consensus on the identity and orientation of the  new Russian state. Those most opposed to Georgia were the military,  conservative communists, and nationalists, whose influence was steadily  expanding.<sup><a name="sdfootnote7anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote7sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">7</span></sup></a></sup> In a manner that  would recur during the war in Chechnya, Yeltsin decided to leave the  issue of Abkhazia to those who with a “special interest” in it. Neither  willing to confront the military nor an assortment of North Caucasian  nationalists, pro-Soviet restorationists, and “red and brown” patriots,  the Kremlin allowed itself to be dragged into a policy of active support  for the Abkhaz secessionists. Abkhazia was Yeltsin’s first significant  concession to the conservatives; many similar steps were to follow,  including the war in Chechnya and the rampant evolution towards  authoritarianism. The Abkhazia war also signaled a return to imperial  notions of regional politics.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.1in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0.16in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Under the ideological and moral influence  of its nationalists, Georgia decided not to join the CIS, even after the  removal of Gamsakhurdia. But the significance of this move was more  symbolic than real, since Russia’s influence in Georgia was no less  powerful than in any other CIS member state. Despite its financial and  moral decay, the Russian army was still the most powerful military force  in Georgia. It was the main supplier, both by smuggling and by legal  transfers, of weapons to all belligerents and militias, including both  Abkhaz and Ossetian separatists, as well as to the Georgian regular  army. The headquarters of the Russian Transcaucasian Military District  (ZAKVO) were still in Tbilisi, and Georgia’s border with NATO member  Turkey was controlled by Russian border guards. In addition to Abkhazia  and South Ossetia, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslan_Abashidze"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Aslan Abashidze</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, the leader of the autonomous Black Sea  province of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzharia"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Adjara</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, closed the administrative border with the  rest of the country and with the help of Russian troops prevented the  central government’s forces from entering Adjaran territory. This  established Abashidze’s authoritarian, semi-separatist regime within the  region, and created long-term problems between the regional government  and the central authorities of Georgia. Near Batumi Russia stationed a  military contingent which for several years became a kind of private  army for Abashidze. Many Adjaran youths served in the Russian army’s  border forces as a way of avoiding conscription into the new national  army. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1993-1995 : Russian Hegemony and Pax  Russica </span></strong></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">By the end of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_%281992%E2%80%931993%29"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">the war</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> in Abkhazia, Russian Foreign Minister  Andrei Kozyrev declared at the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_General_Assembly"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">UN General Assembly</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> that “Russia realizes that no </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_organization"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">international organization</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> or group of states can replace our </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">peacekeeping</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> efforts in this specific </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">post-Soviet space</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.”<sup><a name="sdfootnote8anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote8sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">8</span></sup></a></sup> This was a clear  announcement, paradoxically expressed by the minister considered the  most Western-oriented in Russia’s recent history, that Russia’s main  priority was to restore its hegemony over the post-Soviet space. Lacking  resources and facing internal chaos, Russia could fulfill its new  doctrine only by sustaining its military bases and by supporting various  separatist movements, especially in less loyal neighboring countries  like Georgia, Moldova, Azerbaijan, and to some extent also, Ukraine. The  objective of this support was not the independence of the rebellious  provinces. Instead, by making itself the sole “peacekeeper” in the  conflicts which Moscow has itself fuelled,<strong> </strong>Russia could dominate  the newly independent states and prevent their rapprochement with the  West. Thus, the strategy of “peacekeeping” in the post-Soviet space  became “a neo-Byzantine version of piece keeping,” in Paul Goble’s  words. Unfortunately for the independence of post-Soviet states, no  international actor has tried to impede this process. On the contrary,  international organizations like the UN (in the case of Abkhazia) and  the OSCE (in the case of South Ossetia and Karabakh) <em>de facto</em> endorsed the role Russia had arrogated to itself. Yet a relatively minor  effort by the international community could have deterred Russia, which  at this time depended on foreign funds for its survival.<sup><a name="sdfootnote9anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote9sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">9</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Georgia became the most striking  manifestation of Russia’s new interventionist policy in the post-Soviet  space. In effect, Russia showcased its regional ambitions in Georgia,  which in the 1990s was easier to do because of the Georgians’ radical  and often unrealistic approach to regional issues. Georgia’s military  defeat in Abkhazia resulted in the near total collapse of Georgian  statehood. Civil war erupted in Western Georgia, where a returning  Gamsakhurdia and his followers achieved several victories in the fall of  1993, after which they started their advance towards the capital.  Humiliated and defeated, or “on his knees” as Russian analysts and  politicians liked to say, Shevardnadze was forced to accept the “aid” of  Russian troops and of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet. Only thanks to this was  Georgia able to stop the Zviadists’ progression and thereby retake  control of the major communication arteries of their country.<sup><a name="sdfootnote10anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote10sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">10</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">At the end of 1993, thus, Georgia had to  swallow the bitter pill of Russia’s peace terms. Despite fierce debates  in the Georgian parliament, Georgia entered the CIS on October 21, 1993,  and in February 1994, even joined the Collective Security Treaty, the  security organization that Moscow was building as a kind of post-Soviet  version of the Warsaw Pact. Shevardnadze had also to sign a military  agreement on “the status of the Russian troops in Georgia,” according to  which Russia was to maintain four military bases in the country. These  were in Vaziani, just outside Tbilisi; in Akhalkalaki in southern  Georgia; in Batumi; and in Gudauta, Abkhazia – in addition to the  headquarters of the ZAKVO in Tbilisi and the Border Guards along the  Turkish frontier. Boris Yeltsin visited Georgia in the beginning of  February 1994, to this day the only visit of a Russian president to the  sovereign Republic of Georgia. The visit resembled a review by a Roman  Emperor of one of his newly subjected <em>limes</em>. Russia obtained not  only the right to maintain its military bases in Georgia, but also  acquired unprecedented influence over the appointment of the three  “power ministers” in the Georgian government, that of Defense, Interior,  and Security (the former KGB). On February 4, Yeltsin and Shevardnadze  solemnized a treaty on Friendship and Cooperation which sealed Russia’s <em>de  facto</em> protectorate over Georgia. Regarding Abkhazia, Georgia had to  endorse a humiliating “joint appeal” with Russia to the Council of the  Heads of States of the CIS to send a peacekeeping force to Abkhazia.<sup><a name="sdfootnote11anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote11sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">11</span></sup></a></sup> Two months later,  in April 1994, the Georgian and Abkhaz leaderships signed the Moscow  Peace Agreement, entrusting<strong> </strong>to the Russian Federation the mandate  for Peacekeeping. The agreement also implied the return of more than  250,000 Georgian Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) to their homes, but  this point of the document was never implemented. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Georgia’s subjection to Russia had a very  negative impact on Georgia’s already timid cooperation with the West.  The only form of cooperation with the West that Russia initially  permitted Georgia to pursue was humanitarian and financial aid.<sup><a name="sdfootnote12anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote12sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">12</span></sup></a></sup> Russia jealously  supervised every move of the Georgian law enforcement and security  forces and was careful to prevent links between them and their Western  counterparts. Indeed, when an <span lang="en-GB">American Embassy  employee, CIA officer Fred Woodruff, managed to establish close links  with the Georgian president’s security service in 1993, he was killed  under circumstances that have yet to be clarified.</span> Vardiko  Nadibaidze, a Russian army general of Georgian origin and deputy  commander of ZAKVO, was appointed Minister of Defense in February 1994.<sup><a name="sdfootnote13anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote13sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">13</span></sup></a></sup> Meanwhile, Igor  Giorgadze, an experienced KGB officer and veteran of the Afghan war,  became Minister of State Security and grew in influence thereafter. The  third Russian protégé whose career leaped forward was Shota Kviraia, who  was named Minister of Interior. Although a Russian nominee, he was a  rival of Giorgadze’s, thus extending into post-Soviet Georgia the  traditional Soviet/Russian rivalry between the Ministry of Interior and  the KGB. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">With both its security and defense in the  hands of Russian appointees, the Georgian government took no steps to  move closer to NATO for several years. But despite this “good conduct,”  Georgia failed to receive any benefits from Russia in terms of steps  toward the restoration of its territorial integrity. There were two  direct meetings under Moscow’s aegis between Shevardnadze and the leader  of the Abkhaz secessionists, Vladislav Ardzinba: one meeting in Tbilisi  mediated by Russian Minister of Defense Pavel Grachev, and one in  Abkhazia arranged by Yevgeny Primakov, Russia’s Minister for Foreign  Affairs following Kozyrev’s demise. Yet both ended in failure,  officially because of Abkhaz intransigence.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">As far as the rebuilding of Georgia’s  military was concerned, Russia offered some time-worn military equipment  and promised to train Georgian officers in Russian military academies,  but actually admitted only a small number. Russia even failed to deliver  the twenty million rubles in aid (approximately $3 million at that  time) promised in the 1994 treaty. In spite of all this, Georgia tried  even harder to gain Russia’s benevolence as a necessary step towards  resolving its most significant problem, to reestablish its territorial  integrity. But for various reasons having mainly to do with its domestic  politics, Russia had no intention of abandoning Abkhazia. A bluntly  anti-Western nationalism was gaining momentum in Moscow, and political  leaders were disinclined to defy the military, who were emotionally and  economically committed to keeping Abkhazia under their firm control. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hoping that Russia, confronted with ethnic  separatism on its own territory, would became more understanding of  Georgia’s separatist problems, Shevardnadze publicly endorsed Russia’s  invasion of Chechnya in December 1994 and authorized Russian military  jets to use Georgian airspace. The Georgian leadership naively believed  that the active involvement of the Chechens in favor of the Abkhaz  secession from Georgia would influence Russia’s position on Abkhazia now  that the Chechens had become Russia’s bitter enemies. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;">Georgia’s  deferential behavior towards Moscow in these years sometimes verged on  the absurd. One incident that comes to mind was the improvised baptism  in Tbilisi of Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev, conducted in  person by the Catholicos (Patriarch) of the Georgian Orthodox Church,  with Vardiko Nadibaidze taking the role of a happy godfather.<sup><a name="sdfootnote14anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote14sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">14</span></sup></a></sup> Yet Grachev was  the person most frequently accused of being the main culprit behind  Georgia’s defeat in Abkhazia. Indeed, Shevardnadze himself had stated on  Georgian TV shortly after the defeat that “w<span lang="en">e lost the  war to a Russian general, we lost the war to Pavel Grachev.” Years later  after losing power, Shevardnadze declared the following to the Russian  newspaper </span><span lang="en"><em>Argumenty i Fakty:</em></span><span lang="en"> “Do you remember General Grachev? He called me and said,  ‘I’ll help you. But I have to bring two more divisions into Abkhazia.’ I  believed him and agreed. My defense minister and security minister were  right next to me. They resigned to protest my decision. And Grachev  changed his mind later on: ‘We can’t leave Abkhazia, </span><span lang="en-GB">because then we’d lose the Black Sea.’”</span><sup><a name="sdfootnote15anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote15sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">15</span></sup></a></sup> <span lang="en-GB">Grachev  also distinguished himself during the war in Abkhazia by accusing  Georgians of painting their aircraft with Russian insignia and bombing  their own cities.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-top: 0.19in; margin-bottom: 0.19in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">This period of indenture<strong> </strong>to Russia  was also marked by the absence of real stabilization, in spite of the  often-heard claim that, thanks to the Russian protectorate, Georgia had  at least gained peace and stability. If the main Zviadist armed groups  were eliminated shortly after Gamsakhurdia’s death, many smaller groups  continued to threaten security in Mingrelia, which until 1995 was far  from pacified. Only after Shevardnadze launched a campaign of national  reconciliation did the situation improve in Western Georgia, but the  process of reconciliation was not completed until after Saakashvili came  to power. In the rest of Georgia, political assassinations were  frequent and many prominent politicians became victims of violent crime.<sup><a name="sdfootnote16anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote16sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">16</span></sup></a></sup> The newly<strong> </strong>reinforced  ministries of State Security and Interior had marginalized the various  militias, especially the <em>Mkhedrioni,</em> who lost ground in  1994-1995. But these two ministries now became the major threat to the  rule of law and respect for human rights. Police and KGB officials,  working in close partnership with criminal groups, became deeply  involved in international drug trafficking, racketeering, embezzlement,  and other destabilizing forms of corruption..</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1995-1999 :Drifting Apart</span></strong></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">As early as 1995, Shevardnadze had realized  that the evolution of Russian internal and external policies would  exclude the possibility of a profitable partnership between Moscow and  Georgia. Shevardnadze himself was increasingly under attack in Russia  perceived as one of the main gravediggers of the Soviet Union, an  unpardonable sin for a Russian political elite increasingly dominated by  revanchism. Hence the quasi-vassal relationship failed to bring any  real benefit to Georgia. On the contrary, Russia kept trying to weaken  Tbilisi through its continuous support for the secessionists and its  numerous attempts to undermine Georgian sovereignty. Underscoring the  fragility of the Georgian state, new centrifugal tendencies fuelled by  Russia appeared in Adjara and Javakheti, with its large population of  Armenians. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In this context, Georgia could only welcome  the slow awakening of the West, chiefly of the United States, to their  country and region. The <em>Pax Russica</em> of 1993-1994 in the Caucasus  had been a cold shower for decision-makers in Washington. The latter  were becoming increasingly aware of the strategic importance of the  Caucasus, as well as the importance of the energy resources of the  Caspian Sea and Central Asia. Even if these resources were  underexploited at the end of the Soviet era, or had fallen into disuse,  the idea of a new east-west energy corridor that did not cross Russian  territory was being formed. Moreover, such a corridor could itself  provide timely support for the new sovereignties in the region. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Thus, the independence and stability of the  countries situated between Turkey and China’s western frontier was in  the interest of the United States. But before 1995, American involvement  in the region remained weak, as were forces in America advocating a  more active U.S. engagement there. It will be recalled that President  Clinton’s first term was marked by a “Russia-first” strategy, while the  peripheral countries of the post-Soviet area received much less  attention.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;">Shevardnadze  clearly understood this emerging opportunity. Although he had his hands  tied by militias and Russian-controlled security services, he prudently  started moving towards emancipating himself from Russian tutorship.  Thus, he began promoting a group of young and promising Western-educated  politicians inside the ruling Citizens Union of Georgia (CUG). Within a  few years, these became the most active and visible faction of the  party. He also surrounded himself with overtly pro-Western advisors, and  initiated the formation of parallel, and thereby competing, security  services. A key example was his Presidential Guard, trained by American  specialists.<sup><a name="sdfootnote17anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote17sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">17</span></sup></a></sup></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The failed assassination attempt against  Shevardnadze on August 29, 1995 marked a turning point. Shevardnadze had  already adopted a new constitution, which provided more substantial  powers to the presidency as opposed to the nationalist-dominated  parliament. The parliament, even though it symbolized Georgian  democracy, nevertheless blocked the passage of many crucial laws and was  constantly embroiled in making what amounted to rather childish  accusations against the president. Shevardnadze gained considerable  moral authority from having survived an attack on his life, which all  agreed had been initiated from Moscow. For the first time he alluded in  an interview directly to “some obscure forces in Russia”<sup><a name="sdfootnote18anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote18sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">18</span></sup></a></sup> that were trying  to destabilize Georgia and derail the great energy project, that is, the  Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline (BTC) – in which Georgia was so actively  participating. <span lang="en-GB">In a subsequent interview,  Shevardnadze claimed that President Yeltsin himself had warned him of  the “serious trouble” that could arise if he continued to support  alternative ways of bringing Caspian oil to European markets</span>. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The prime suspect in the attempt on  Shevardnadze’s life, Igor Giorgadze, precipitously left the country on a  Russian jet chartered for the purpose, whereas Ioseliani was arrested  and sentenced to ten years in prison. Only a few months earlier,  Kitovani had been arrested on his way to Abkhazia, accompanied by a few  hundred armed followers and a Russian colonel. The objectives of  Kitovani’s march remain unclear, but the maneuver was probably intended  to use the hope of recovering Georgian control over Abkhazia as a means  of plunging the country into a new round of instability. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">American involvement became more active  with the realization of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline project. Russia  vehemently criticized BTC, but so did certain Western experts, who  denounced it as being a solely political project designed to damage  Russia and, at the same time, reinforce America’s position in the  region. As late as the late 1990s, many of these experts continued to  write about the “absurdity” of the BTC project, referring to its  purported lack of economic feasibility and the alleged absence of  sufficient quantities of oil in the Caspian. Subsequent events have made  it clear that this criticism was itself politically motivated, and far  from disinterested. Moreover, it should not be forgotten that the idea  of a pipeline stretching from the Caspian via Turkey to Western markets  was very much supported by Ankara as well. Indeed, Süleyman Demirel  brought up the idea as early as in spring 1992, and the first memorandum  on what became the Baku-Ceyhan pipeline was signed in Ankara on March  9, 1993, in the midst of the fighting in Abkhazia and Karabakh. The  final agreements were also signed in Turkey in October (Ankara) and  November (Istanbul) of 1998. Thus, the independence of Georgia and  Azerbaijan vis-à-vis Russia had become as crucial for Turkey as for the  U.S. and the other BTC partners, including Azerbaijan, Norway, and Great  Britain. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Another factor that fostered Shevardnadze’s  drift to the West was the weakening of Russia caused by the Chechen  conflict. Despite the terrible cost in lives it inflicted and also paid  itself to keep Chechnya under its control, Russia practically lost the  first Chechen war of 1994-1996. The disastrous war in Chechnya resulted  in <em>de facto</em> Chechen independence, creating a quasi-state in  Chechnya that was interested in a neighborly relationship with Georgia,  its only link to the outside world. The pragmatic and moderate Chechen  leader Aslan Maskhadov took steps to improve Georgian-Chechen relations,  which had been significantly strained when Chechens had fought for the  Abkhaz during the war in Abkhazia. The Chechen vice-president Vakha  Arsanov, then Maskhadov himself, paid visits to Georgia. The latter  publicly presented Chechen apologies for the events in Abkhazia, and  made a commitment to severely punish any Chechen who would henceforth  participate in any action against Georgia; the Chechen leadership was  particularly deeply interested in building a road from Chechnya to  Georgia in order to end its isolation from the outside world. Georgians  welcomed the initiative publicly, but did little, being worried that  Chechen instability would spread south across the border. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Shevardnadze’s pro-Western shift was far  from a linear process. When Shevardnadze again narrowly survived an  assassination attempt in February 1998, the process appeared threatened.<sup><a name="sdfootnote19anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote19sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">19</span></sup></a></sup> Then in October  1998 a military mutiny sprang up, during which rioters from the National  Guard were clearly awaiting instructions from Moscow. Constant  provocations were also taking place in Javakheti and Adjara. For  example, in August 1998, several dozen armed local Armenians in  Javakheti <span lang="en-GB">forced Georgian armed units to turn back  from scheduled joint military drills with the Russian base at  Akhalkalaki</span>. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">With the appointment of Boris Berezovsky as  Executive Secretary of the CIS, Russia became more proactive in the  region. Berezovsky promoted the idea of an alternative pipeline from the  Caspian shores to Russia via Georgia and breakaway Abkhazia. To go  forward this would require a resolution of the Abkhaz problem between  Russia and Georgia. He also introduced some Russian companies into  Georgia, in order to extend Russian influence there by means other than  the military.<sup><a name="sdfootnote20anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote20sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">20</span></sup></a></sup> At the same time,  there were further attempts to pull Georgia into a fresh Abkhaz trap.  For example, during the May 1998 conflict in Gali, the southernmost part  of Abkhazia, Georgian authorities were given guarantees concerning  their probable recovery of the Gali region, but were again misled.<sup><a name="sdfootnote21anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote21sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">21</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1999-2003 : A new vicious circle in the  Georgia-Russia relationship</span></strong></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">At the end of 1990s and the beginning of  the 2000s, Georgia’s foreign relations presented a picture of extreme  contrasts. On the one hand, the country had become among the leading  beneficiaries of U.S. foreign aid per capita globally. On the other, its  biggest neighbor and former overlord was vigorously trying to undermine  Georgia’s sovereignty through acts of destabilization and to extend its  own influence there. One side was financing the formation of the  country’s military forces by an impressive influx of money and  specialists – <span lang="en-GB">in 2001-2002, American aid to the  Georgian army represented two-thirds of the country’s military budget.</span> Meanwhile, the other side sought to prevent Georgian nationals and  citizens living in Russia from sending their savings home to their  families. In fact, there is a certain irony to this picture in that the  former is a culturally and historically alien “Anglo-Saxon” superpower,  while the latter supposedly a “spiritually and sentimentally” close  Orthodox brother. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The second Chechen war began short after  Yeltsin and his informal circle, known as “the Family,” appointed a new  prime minister, Vladimir Putin. Russia fought this war with no less  cruelty than the first, but it presented a noticeable contrast to the  first war in terms of the Russian government’s motivation and  determination. This time Moscow demanded that Georgia offer its airspace  to the Russian air force and that it allow Russian border guards to  control the Georgians’ side of the Chechen-Georgian border. After asking  for a day’s delay for reflection, Shevardnadze refused Russia’s  request. He saw a serious risk that the Chechen conflict might be  expanded onto Georgian territory. Besides, bitter experience had taught  the Georgian leadership that additional Russian troops on Georgian  territory could be used as a Trojan Horse. Georgia’s refusal infuriated  the Russian leadership, and Georgia became the target of Russian verbal  and, later, physical attacks as Russian jets bombed the Georgian side of  the border. Moscow accused Georgia, moreover, of serving as a transit  country for global Islamist networks that were sending forces into  Chechnya, and also of supplying weapons to the Chechen rebels. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Russia never presented any credible  evidence on Georgia’s alleged involvement on the side of the Chechens.  But the accusations served to exonerate the Russian army for its  failures during the first year-and-a-half of the operation. It was also  useful to Moscow to have tarnished Georgia’s international reputation by  endlessly representing it as at best a failed state that could not  secure its borders, and at worst as a rogue state in league with  terrorists. Russian accusations sometimes went to ludicrous extremes,  as, for example, when Moscow claimed that Osama Bin Laden was hiding in  the Pankisi gorge.<sup><a name="sdfootnote22anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote22sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">22</span></sup></a></sup> Russian military  spokesmen regularly announced the presence in Pankisi gorge of hundreds,  if not thousands, of jihadi fighters, especially Taliban. Russian  aircraft bombed several Georgian mountain villages, on one occasion  causing casualties, and Russian civil authorities unilaterally redrew  the Chechen portion of the Russian-Georgian border, advancing the line  deeper into Georgian territory.<sup><a name="sdfootnote23anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote23sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">23</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB">Russian</span><span lang="en-GB"> comparisons between the  situation in Pankisi and Peshawar in the 1980s or Qandahar in the 1990s  were hyperbole, but the situation in Pankisi was far from ideal. Among  the 12,000 Chechen refugees in the valley, there were several hundred  fighters and even some foreign Islamist combatants. However, their  attitude was rather low-key. Criminal groups, some of them with combat  experience in Chechnya, were a bigger problem. They were responsible for  most of the abductions and drug trafficking that flourished in the  valley. These groups were involved in a sort of criminal joint venture  with corrupt Georgian interior ministry officials, and served as  “subcontractors” for drug deals and the extraction of ransom money. The  Ministry of Internal Affairs and its police pretended not to control the  valley, blaming the “Chechen fighters” for the lawlessness there. In  reality, the police were themselves involved in kidnappings and drug  trafficking, with local bands acting as implementers. The senior police  official in charge of the Ministry’s anti-terrorist department was  dismissed for such activities, revealing that complicity permeated to  the very top levels of government. </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">September 11, 2001 changed the game, as it<sup> </sup>enabled Russia to redefine the war in Chechnya as a struggle  against international terrorism, and to ape America’s military  intervention in Afghanistan and then Iraq. In the process, Georgia  became a vivid illustration of what Russia’s revived ambitions as a  great power meant in practice.<sup><a name="sdfootnote24anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote24sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">24</span></sup></a></sup> Not surprisingly,  Moscow opposed Georgia’s request to the OSCE to create a border  monitoring mission on the Chechen portion of its border with Russia.  This would have not only put a stop to Russian allegations but might  also have proven that the goal of all such accusations was to justify  some future military intervention on Georgian territory.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In the end, Moscow’s exaggerated claims  that the Pankisi valley had become one of the world’s most dangerous  centers of terrorism led to disastrous consequences not for Georgia but  for Russia itself. By constantly alluding to the presence of Al-Qaeda or  Taliban elements in Pankisi, Russian leaders aroused America’s interest  in this region. Foreseeing a Russian military intervention in Georgia  “to bring order” and “fight terrorists,” the U.S. in April 2002  pre-empted Russia by announcing a significant bilateral military  cooperation program with Georgia, called the Georgia Train and Equip  Program (GTEP). The State Department announced this $64 million project  as a response “to the Government of Georgia’s request for assistance to  enhance its counter-terrorism capabilities and address the situation in  the Pankisi Gorge.” In the GTEP framework, between 150 and 200 American  military trainers were supposed to arrive in Georgia. Russia could  scarcely oppose a counter-terrorist operation directed against targets  that were impeding its own war in Chechnya and for which it had itself  been asking for some time, however much it resented the fact that a  contingent of American military trainers would soon arrive in Georgia.  In the end, Russia got what it least wanted: an American military  presence close to its borders. These developments strongly reinforced  the Russians’ conclusion that Shevardnadze had become hopelessly  pro-American, and consequently an arch-enemy of Russia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Apart from the Chechen war, many other  issues during Shevardnadze’s last term in office contributed to the  mounting tension in Russian-Georgian relations. Georgia’s efforts to  build an independent and sovereign state deeply irritated Moscow, as did  the unresolved state of affairs in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, where  Russia was unwilling to concede anything. Seeing no evolution in  Russia’s position, the Georgian leadership grew ever more dissatisfied  with the conditions that Moscow had imposed on these areas in the early  1990s. In particular, Georgian leaders increasingly viewed Russia’s  military presence on Georgian soil as a destabilizing element. The long  process of ridding the country of Russia’s military presence began with  the adoption, in April 1997, of a new law that called for Georgia to  take full control of its national borders by the end of 1999. Russian  maritime border guards were the first to leave, in the summer of 1998,  and a year later Georgia took control of its border with Turkey.  Critically important assistance from Turkey, Ukraine, and the United  States enabled Georgia’s Department of Border Control Forces to assume  these responsibilities effectively.<sup><a name="sdfootnote25anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote25sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">25</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In 1999, Tbilisi for the first time  mustered the courage to announce its intention to close the Russian  military bases on its territory. To this end, Georgia first left the  Russian-dominated Collective Security Treaty in April 1999. Then in  September 1999, Zurab Zhvania, the Chairman of Parliament and  Shevardnadze’s then heir apparent, declared that the day was close when  Georgia would be free of the “foreign military presence.” At the OSCE  summit in Istanbul two months later Russia was told to dismantle two of  its military bases in Georgia and to find a solution for the remaining  two before July 2001.<sup><a name="sdfootnote26anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote26sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">26</span></sup></a></sup> Long and difficult  negotiations took place on the fate of the two remaining bases. Ten  rounds and two years of negotiations later, Russia was still insisting  on a period of fifteen years and on hundreds of millions of dollars in  compensation to enable it to build accommodation for the evacuated  military and their families. In parallel, Russia was pushing Javakheti  Armenians and some local political groups close to Russia to support the  continuance of the base in Akhalkalaki and to blackmail the Georgian  government with possible revolts.<sup><a name="sdfootnote27anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote27sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">27</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In spite of these difficulties, the  November 1999 OSCE summit in Istanbul marked a high point in the  diplomacy of the Shevardnadze era. The process that followed revealed  clearly that Russia was less concerned with the preservation of its  decaying and militarily ineffective bases in Georgia than with impeding  Georgia’s steady rapprochement with NATO. It was therefore no surprise  that U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen’s offer to cover part of  the cost of removing the Russian bases was met in Moscow with silence.<sup><a name="sdfootnote28anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote28sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">28</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Most observers interpreted Georgia’s  decision to close Russian bases on its territory as a major blow to  Moscow’s interests in the Caucasus. Georgia’s action would have ended  nearly two centuries of Russian military presence there, broken only by  the brief period of independence in 1918-21. Russia responded by  requiring all Georgian citizens working in Russia or visiting there to  get visas. Even though most Jihadi fighters in Chechnya arrived via  Central Asia and not Georgia, Moscow rationalized the visa regime as a  step to keep out foreign terrorists. Had Russia really wanted to stop  the inflow of foreign fighters, it would have had first to stamp out  corruption in its own law enforcement bodies, which turned a blind eye  to such movements – for a price. The decision on visas was part of a  long-standing Russian plan to use the Georgian Diaspora in Russia as a  tool for pressuring Tbilisi. It had been hatched by Sergey Ivanov, at  the time head of Russia’s National Security Council and a notorious hawk  in regard to Georgia.<sup><a name="sdfootnote29anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote29sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">29</span></sup></a></sup> Ivanov in turn had  picked up the idea from one Felix Stanevski, a former Russian  ambassador in Georgia, who argued from the very beginning that Georgia  was inevitably Russia’s enemy, and that Georgian elites were, so far as  almost genetically, Russophobes .<sup><a name="sdfootnote30anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote30sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">30</span></sup></a></sup> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The idea behind Russia’s new visa law was  that without the money sent by Georgian expatriates in Russia, Georgia  would be driven to bankruptcy and Shevardnadze’s government would  collapse.<sup><a name="sdfootnote31anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote31sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">31</span></sup></a></sup> But it turned out  that the entire project was based on erroneous data. The Russian  political elite wrongly assumed that “millions of Georgians”<sup><a name="sdfootnote32anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote32sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">32</span></sup></a></sup> lived in Russia  and that their remittances were supporting<strong> </strong>the rest of the  Georgian population. In reality, only half a million Georgians lived in  Russia; this represented barely one-third of the numbers of Armenians or  Azerbaijanis. Also, the authors of the measure underestimated the  readiness of their own corrupt lower officials to make deals to enable  Georgians to stay in Russia. In the end, the visa law had only a modest  impact on Georgia. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">But Russia’s visa legislation had one very  damaging consequence for Georgia. For “humanitarian reasons,” the visas  were not required of residents of Georgia’s secessionist provinces of  Abkhazia and South Ossetia. By this move, the Kremlin was clearly  challenging Georgia’s territorial integrity.<sup><a name="sdfootnote33anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote33sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">33</span></sup></a></sup> Today, with  hindsight, it is easy to identify this as the first step in Russia’s  effort to annex Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The next step was to be the  broadside distribution of Russian passports in these regions. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Saving “Private Shevardnadze“: Moscow’s  paradoxical attempt to help the Kremlin’s foe to keep power during the  Rose Revolution</span></strong></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">It may appear illogical that in November  2003, when the Rose Revolution was on the lip of succeeding in unseating  Shevardnadze, it was Russia that attempted to prop up the rule of  Edward Shevardnadze, even though Russians despised him for his role in  the collapse of the USSR and his later apostasy to Georgia. But suddenly  the preservation of Shevardnadze’s presidency became Moscow’s immediate  priority in Georgia. Putin hurriedly sent to Tbilisi his Minister of  Foreign Affairs, Igor Ivanov. His stated task was to resolve the crisis  and preserve Shevardnadze’s presidency. This erratic move suggests the  great disarray in Russia’s Caucasus policy at the time. With no larger  strategy, Russia blindly supported the one person who might have been  desperate enough to accept Russian backing. The Kremlin doubtless  recalled the events of 1993, when the defeated Georgian army was fleeing  Sukhumi. Shevardnadze, who was at the mercy of raiding secessionist and  Zviadist bands, was rescued by the Russian military. Now, a decade  later, a powerless Shevardnadze would have again been forced to accept  Russian hegemony, abandon his pro-Western political orientation, forget  about NATO and the EU, and appoint Russian nominees to key security  positions. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;">It  is worth noting parenthetically that Moscow has frequently chosen to  back desperate losers. In 2004 and 2009 the Kremlin backed the besieged  leader of the Moldovan Communists, Yuri Voronin, even though Voronin  subsequently failed at times to play his assigned role of obedient  vassal. Moscow also extended help to Uzbek President Islam Karimov after  the brutal repression of a revolt in Andijan in 2005. Karimov had  become an international pariah, so the tactic to offer support appeared  expedient in binding Tashkent closer to Moscow. But Karimov, too, was  quick to throw out the script that Moscow had assigned him, and seized  the first opportunity that arose to once again diversify his foreign  policy.<sup><a name="sdfootnote34anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote34sym"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">34</span></sup></a></sup></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Whatever Moscow’s doubts about  Shevardnadze, they paled to insignificance compared with its loathing of  what have come to be known as “color revolutions.” One of the main  theses of Putin’s “sovereign democracy” and “vertical of power” is the  ideological assertion that Western-style liberal democracy cannot work  outside of the geographical zone where it arose. Such Kremlin  ideologists as Vladislav Surkov and Gleb Pavlovski invoke this argument  to denigrate the chances of success for liberal democracy outside the  Western world. According to their logic, any attempt to establish a  democratic system beyond the borders of the Euro-Atlantic world cannot  be “natural” and must therefore be the result of a Western conspiracy,  and an intrusion into the natural order of things symbolized by Russia. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Obviously, then, the <em>successful</em> grafting of democracy onto a post-Soviet country would pose a  fundamental challenge to Moscow’s world view. No wonder that Russian  leaders depicted the Rose Revolution not as an expression of popular  will but as the playing out of an American plan for regime change.  Russia’s insistence on the American sponsorship of the Rose Revolution  found some echo in the Western media, which greatly overestimated  American support for Mikheil Saakashvili in November 2003. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Some circles in the U.S. supported the Rose  Revolution from the very beginning, among them the Open Society  Institute and the Project on Transitional Democracies. But the State  Department clearly wanted Shevardnadze to continue in office until the  end of his term. During the summer of 2003, former Secretary of State  James Baker, a personal friend of Shevardnadze, traveled to Georgia to  persuade Shevardnadze to distance himself from a new political group,  the “Alliance for a New Georgia (ANG),” which had been formed by some  highly controversial figures from the worlds of government and business.  The purpose of Baker’s mission was to avoid the instability that could  result from a rigged victory by the ANG. Only later did the Americans  come to support the Rose Revolution, when they effectively backed its  efforts to fight corruption, restore the state’s authority, and so  forth. It was doubtless attractive for Washington to be able to speak of  an “American-sponsored success story” but such support that occurred  later was by no means forthcoming during the revolution itself. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The support Shevardnadze garnered from  Russia and its regional allies, including his own former rival Aslan  Abashidze, was not enough to maintain him in power. Neither the state  power structures nor the president himself were prepared to use force to  suppress the movement demanding Shevardnadze’s resignation. The  president resigned on November 23. Igor Ivanov subsequently tried to  present himself as one of the architects of the peaceful solution to the  crisis. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><em><strong>Conclusion</strong></em> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> <span style="color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">During the ten years of Shevardandze’s  leadership, Georgia moved from a condition of quasi-domination by Russia  to become one of the largest beneficiaries <span style="text-decoration: underline;">per capita</span> of aid  from the United States. The country paid a high price for its attachment  to independence, however. Under Shevardnadze, Georgia lost control of  Abkhazia and a significant part of South Ossetia. Two major  assassination attempts threatened the president, while society was  wrecked by two mutinies and countless plots to destabilize the  government. Without underestimating the local dimensions of each of  these crises, it is not difficult to discern the hand of Russia in all  of them. Successively, Shevardnadze sought to reckon with this threat by  engaging successfully in a policy of deference, then a policy of  balance, and overall by taking a very cautious approach to Russia’s  interests. Yet all of these failed to avoid the effects of a Russian  policy that can best be described as “all stick and no carrot.” </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">All the problems relating to Russia that  Georgia has had to bear under Saakashvili’s leadership were already  present during the presidency of Shevardnadze. Clearly, the personality  of any given Georgian leader is not the main determinant of bilateral  relations between the two countries. Shevardnadze was lucky enough to  face a relatively weak and chaotic Russia, but he also failed to build a  strong and modern state. A more solid Georgia, free of a corrupt state  administration, could have resisted Russian pressure more efficiently.  The years that followed the Rose Revolution showed that a solid economy  and a solid state structure can resist even stronger pressures than  those of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s. Russia’s energy  blackmail of 2001, probably the most effective weapon that Moscow could  deploy against Georgia, might have been less devastating had the  Georgian bureaucracy been less corrupt and if Georgian officials were  not themselves benefiting from the situation. Georgia needed not only a  wise and experienced leader who perfectly understood its adversary, but  also very deep societal and cultural transformation. </span></p>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote1">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote1sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote1anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> Jaba Ioseliani, </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Sami  Ganzomileba</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Tbilisi: Azri, 1999. Later  Kitovani initiated war in Abkhazia, when despite an order coming from  President Shevardnadze to deploy troops only along the roads, his battle  units entered the town of Sukhumi. In 1995 Kitovani, together with a  colonel of the Russian army, attempted another march on Abkhazia. He was  arrested on his way to Abkhazia by the Georgian police. After his  release in 1998, Kitovani moved in Russia and lived under the protection  of the FSB. He periodically appeared in pro-Kremlin Russian media as an  “expert” on Georgian affairs. </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote2">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote2sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote2anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">2</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> In the quest for a  providential leader who would have been acceptable for the majority of  Georgian society, non-Zviadist nationalists first tried to convince the  representative of the Georgian royal family living in Spain – Jorje  Bagration Y Mukhrani – to come back to the country. After the refusal of  the latter, they had to support Shevardnadze’s candidacy. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote3">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote3sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote3anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">3</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en">It should be recalled that George  H.W. Bush’s adminstration tacitly endorsed</span><span lang="en"><strong> </strong></span><span lang="en">the Russian sponsored coup against Gamsakhurdia.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote4">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote4sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote4anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">4</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> For example, the only serious  factor that played in the process of elaboration of the American  position in the war between Armenia and Azerbaijan, were the efforts  deployed by the Armenian Diaspora, which through its lobby in Congress  obtained the adoption of amendment 907, which banned American public  economic and military aid to Azerbaijan.</span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote5">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote5sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote5anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">5</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> There is much evidence of the  direct involvement of the regular Russian armed forces in fighting  against the Georgian army, such as the Russian military plane downed in  Sukhumi in winter 1993, or the capture of several acting officers of the  Russian Army by the Georgians as prisoners of war. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote6">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote6sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote6anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">6</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> A few days after the fall of  Sukhumi, Shevardnadze, sharply criticised in the Georgian parliament,  declared that the capture of Sukhumi by rebels was planned and  elaborated by the Russian officers stationed in Gudauta military base. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote7">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote7sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote7anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">7</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Through the 1990s,  Shevardnadze and other Georgian officials were used to opposing  “democratic and reactionary Russias”. Georgia was officially at war with  the “reactionary Russia,” whereas the “democratic Russia” was supposed  to be supportive of Georgia. This dual nature of the Russian elite was  partly a fiction of Georgian politicians who wanted to see a part of  Russian establishment in their camp. Unfortunately for Georgia, Russian  liberals had no word in Moscow’s policies towards the “near abroad,”  with the topic being more or less consciously abandoned to the hawkish  conservatives. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote8">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote8sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote8anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">8</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> “In Russia’s shadow,” </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Time</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, October 11, 1993</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote9">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote9sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote9anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">9</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> In 1994 Russia had received  $12 billion in direct financial aid from the IMF and the World Bank. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote10">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote10sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote10anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">10</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> In his desperate address,  Shevardnadze also called on his Armenian and Azerbaijani counterparts to  secure Georgia’s main transit roads. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote11">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote11sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote11anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">11</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> The </span>Council of the Heads of States of the CIS <span lang="en-GB">responded positively to the joint appeal, demanding that  CIS member states send their troops to Abkhazia. In the meantime Russian  troops stationed in Abkhazia (troops that actually participated in  fighting against the Georgian army) received the status of CIS  Peace-Keeping Force in Abkhazia.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote12">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote12sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote12anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">12</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Russia’s Ministry of Foreign  Affairs even suggested to the UN in the summer of 1994 that it allocate  funds for financing its mission in Abkhazia.</span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote13">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote13sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote13anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">13</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Nadibaidze didn’t even speak  Georgian properly and was clearly not the person who could build-up a  modern- style Georgian national army from scratch. While serving at  ZAKVO, he was in charge of supplies. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote14">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote14sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote14anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">14</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> The same awkwardness  characterized Georgian attempts to capitalize on the emotional level  recalling that Primakov had spent his childhood in Tbilisi; that  Kirienko (Russian prime minister after Chernomyrdin) was born in  Sukhumi; and that Igor Ivanov had a Georgian mother. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote15">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote15sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote15anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">15</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Argumenty I Fakty</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, July 2, 2005. </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote16">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote16sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote16anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">16</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Thus Giorgi Tjanturia, the  leader of the National Democratic Party, and Soliko Khabeishvili –  Shevardnadze’s close friend and the president of his foundation – were  the two most famous examples of assassinated politicians. Giorgi  Qarqarashvili, former defence minister, was also targeted, but he  miraculously survived his injuries. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote17">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote17sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote17anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">17</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> In 1995, according to a close  collaborator of Shevardnadze, Igor Giorgadze had already alerted Russia  that Georgian secret services were on the brink of being totally  controlled by the Americans. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote18">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote18sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote18anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">18</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Shevardnadze TV interview,  August 29, 1995. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote19">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote19sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote19anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">19</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> The president survived again,  and while all fingers again pointed at Russia, Primakov publicly made  ironical remarks about the assassination attempt. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote20">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote20sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote20anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">20</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> For example, he backed the Russian company </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Industriya</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> to buy Georgian  Manganese mines in Tjiatura. The memorandum was signed but the company  failed to pay the determined amount.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote21">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote21sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote21anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">21</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> As a result, 40,000 Georgian  returnees to Gali became refugees for the second time and more than 100  people were killed. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote22">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote22sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote22anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">22</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> At the end of 2001, Igor  Ivanov, based on dubious information from a supposed driver of the  leader of Al-Qaeda, declared that Osama Bin Laden was possibly hiding in  the Pankisi Gorge in Georgia. Half-joking and half-mockingly,  Shevardnadze launched a checking operation in the valley, starting from  the house of Ivanov’s family (the latter’s mother is originally from  Pankisi). </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote23">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote23sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote23anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">23</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Russia sent a paratrooper  division to the Itum-Kale district of Chechnya in the winter of 2000,  which took control of the border with Georgia. The paratroopers occupied  a Georgian hamlet of Pitchvni where they established their post. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote24">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote24sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote24anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">24</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> See Thornike Gordadze :  « Géorgie : l’Irak du pauvre » (Georgia : Irak for the poor), Le Figaro,  21 October 2002. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote25">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote25sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote25anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">25</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> The American contribution was  the most important. In 1999, Georgia received several combat  helicopters from the U.S. The amount of American aid to this department  attained $50 million. This was the first case of successful cooperation  between the two countries in the military domain. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote26">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote26sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote26anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">26</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Russia decided to choose the  Vaziani and Gudauta bases for tactical reasons. Vaziani was a military  air-base close to Tbilisi and under the Soviet regime it was designed  for control of the southern airspace (in the direction of Turkey and the  Middle East). It had no strategic importance for the control of  Georgia. Gudauta was in Abkhazia and the Georgians had no possibility to  verify if the base was really closed and, in fact, despite Russian  commitment, Gudauta base has never been dismantled. It continues to be  used in 2009. Batumi and Akhalkalaki bases are of no big military  importance either, but they were situated in more “sensitive” regions of  Georgia (Adjara and Javakheti), where in case of need they could have  been used to destabilizes Georgia. Moreover, these two bases were closed  in 2007 with no resistance from Russia, because seeing Abashidze ousted  from power in Adjara and state control reinforced in Javakheti, keeping  them was becoming an unaffordable luxury. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote27">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote27sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote27anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">27</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Some groundless rumors about  the probable opening of Turkish military bases in Armenian populated  regions of Georgia were spread by some “trustworthy sources,” provoking  local Armenians’ indignation and protest. By the same manner, Abkhaz  children and women were suggested to lie down on the railway close to  Gudauta, in order to prevent the evacuation of the Russian base.</span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote28">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote28sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote28anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">28</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> This possibility was raised  by William Cohen during his visit to the South Caucasus in July 1999. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote29">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote29sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote29anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">29</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> Segey Ivanov is famous for his sharp phrases on Georgia.  As a symptomatic illustration of this tendency one could quote his (at  that time already Russian Minister of Defense) comment on Georgia’s  desire to join NATO : “Georgia can join any international organisation  it wants, even the league of Sexual minorities,” see </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Vremya Novostej</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, September  20, 2002.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote30">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote30sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote30anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">30</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> The former ambassador reiterated his vision in a recent  interview to the radio station </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ekho Moskvy</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> on April 25, 2009. </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote31">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote31sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote31anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">31</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Stanevski stated many times  that Russia was the greatest supplier of financial aid to Georgia,  introducing a rather strange approach and definition of “economic aid”:  he proposed categorizing as aid the money that Georgians working in  Russia sent annually back to Georgia. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote32">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote32sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote32anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">32</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> See interview of Sergei Ivanov to </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Vlast’</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> January 2002</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote33">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote33sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote33anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">33</span></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Initially, some Georgian  analysts and politicians talked about the possible positive consequences  of the Russian decision. They naively believed that the residents of  Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region would have been obliged to come to  Tbilisi to obtain Russian visas and that move would have had an  unexpectedly positive effect on the reintegration of the separatist  provinces. </span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote34">\r\n<p align="justify"><a name="sdfootnote34sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote34anc"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">34</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="en-GB"> Even the tiny and almost totally controlled Abkhazia  defied in 2004 a unilateral and blunt attempt of Moscow to impose a KGB  officer as a </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>de facto</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> president of the breakaway region against the more  popular, and supposedly more independent minded Sergei Bagapsh. </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>', 1, 13, 0, 68, '2010-04-06 12:04:00', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:04:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 6, '', '', 0, 198, 'robots=\nauthor=');
INSERT INTO `jos_content` (`id`, `title`, `alias`, `title_alias`, `introtext`, `fulltext`, `state`, `sectionid`, `mask`, `catid`, `created`, `created_by`, `created_by_alias`, `modified`, `modified_by`, `checked_out`, `checked_out_time`, `publish_up`, `publish_down`, `images`, `urls`, `attribs`, `version`, `parentid`, `ordering`, `metakey`, `metadesc`, `access`, `hits`, `metadata`) VALUES
(156, '« In the middle of major international crisis: Georgia as a bargain coin or a battlefield for new cold war?”, in Central Asia and Caucasus, n°3 (57), 2009', 'l-in-the-middle-of-major-international-crisis-georgia-as-a-bargain-coin-or-a-battlefield-for-new-cold-war-in-central-asia-and-caucasus-nd3-57-2009', '', '<p style="margin-bottom: 0.19in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span lang="en-GB"><strong>« </strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span lang="en-GB">In the middle of major  international crisis: Georgia as a bargain coin or a battlefield for new  cold war?”, in </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Central Asia and Caucasus</em></span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span lang="en-GB">, n°3 (57), 2009</span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Thornike GORDADZE</span></p>\r\n<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Head of the Caucasian Laboratory at the  French Institute of Anatolian Studies, IFEA (Istanbul-Baku)</span></em></p>\r\n<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">At the beginning of the 19<sup>th</sup> century Carl von Clausewitz wrote that war is a continuation of  political activity by other means. The Russian-Georgian war of 2008  fully corroborates this hypothesis. The hostilities, which lasted for  only a few days, were just one episode in the Russian-Georgian  confrontation that began long before August 2008 and still has a long  way to go. Nevertheless, this short war can be considered the most  important occurrence of the year in Georgia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">All the more or less significant events in  Georgian foreign policy in 2008 are associated in some way with the war.  They can be divided into two categories: a) Events that promoted or  caused the war and b) events that occurred as a consequence. For  instance, recognition by most of the West of Kosovo’s independence,  cancellation of the Russian Federation’s sanctions against Georgia’s  separatist regions and their militarization, and NATO’s refusal to offer  Georgia the MAP at the Bucharest summit promoted the Russian-Georgian  war. Whereas the American-Georgian charter and approval of a  4.5-billion-dollar aid plan for Georgia at a conference of sponsors in  Brussels are consequences of the war.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">\r\n', '\r\n<br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Georgia and  Russia: On the Warpath</span></h2>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">At the beginning of 2008, during the  anticipated presidential election campaign, Russian-Georgian relations  were as hot as they could get. The Georgian leadership suspected some of  the opposition forces that demanded retirement of the government and  president the previous November of being in cahoots with Russia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">After he was re-elected, Mikhail  Saakashvili said that his main aim was to normalize relations with  Russia and promised to invite President Vladimir Putin to his  inauguration. But soon declaration of Kosovo’s independence and its  recognition by the U.S. and several EU countries put Russian-Georgian  relations to a serious test. Russia’s reaction can be called extreme.  Many countries, even EU member states (Spain, Rumania, and Cyprus), were  against this recognition, but only Russia called so blatantly for  re-examination of the generally accepted state borders. Not even Serbia  took such an open stance. It is unlikely that Russia was prompted by  feelings of “Slavic fraternity” alone in the Kosovo question. It was  sooner the beginning of its aggressive policy on the international  arena. Claiming protection of territorial integrity, Russia was actually  threatening to begin fragmentation of the post-Soviet states, Georgia  being the first to find itself on the Russian president’s chopping  board.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">On 21 February, Vladimir Putin and Mikhail  Saakashvili met for the last time as presidents. It was not an easy  encounter, although both leaders tried to present it in a positive  light. They announced that air communication would soon be restored.  Mikhail Saakashvili was in a hurry to say that some progress had been  made in establishing joint control over the Roki Tunnel and the  checkpoint on the Psou River (the Abkhazian part of the Georgian-Russian  border). Later the Georgian leadership admitted that Putin did mention  the Russian Federation’s intention to withdraw from the CIS agreement of  1996 that envisaged economic sanctions against Abkhazia (in reality  Moscow has long failed to observe this agreement). And it did withdraw  on 6 March after the Russian Foreign Ministry sent a corresponding note  to the CIS Executive Committee.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Since 6 March, the Kremlin actively engaged  in measures that brought the countries closer to an armed conflict.  This was recognized as the most likely outcome of its strategy. After  moving to unfreeze the Abkhazian and South Ossetian conflicts, Moscow  hoped to break Tbilisi’s resistance and gain major concessions in the  form of Georgia accepting a neutral status and abandoning its  Euro-Atlantic orientation. If Georgia continued to resist, the Kremlin  intended to play a tougher “foul game”<sup><a name="sdfootnote1anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote1sym" title="sdfootnote1anc"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1</span></sup></a></sup> and continue moving toward integrating Abkhazia and South Ossetia into  its orbit, which Georgia justifiably called “creeping annexation.”</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Election of the new president in the  Russian Federation did not change the course toward toughening up the  grip on Georgia. At the end of March, the State Duma held a special  session on Abkhazia and South Ossetia at which there were calls to  recognize the sovereignty of Georgia’s breakaway regions and protect the  Russian citizens living there, even if it meant using force. The aim  was to put pressure on Georgia since the resolution adopted only  “recommended” that the executive branch “re-examine the expediency of  protecting the security of the Russian citizens living in Abkhazia and  South Ossetia.” In response to this, Mikhail Saakashvili offered the  Abkhazian side new peaceful initiatives, but they failed to reach their  objective since they were sent to the Abkhazian leadership, which had  the least room for maneuver at that time due to its increasing  dependence on Moscow.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The period between April and June (Mikhail  Saakashvili’s first meeting with new Russian President Dmitry Medvedev)  was characterized by growing tension. It became increasingly obvious  that NATO would not be offering Georgia the MAP. The countries of the  Alliance that voted against this hoped this move would defuse the  tension on the Russian-Georgian front, but this proved to be a serious  mistake. Immediately after the NATO Bucharest summit, Vladimir Putin  sent a public letter to the heads of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and a  few days later (16 April) signed a decree according to which the  government and other state structures of the Russian Federation were to  establish official relations with the corresponding structures of these  separatist regions. This began legalization of Russia’s already long  established relations with Abkhazia and South Ossetia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Other steps were also taken to increase the  tension. In particular, Georgian drones were struck down over Abkhazian  territory, which demonstrated the sides’ tactics: Tbilisi was trying to  attract the attention of the international community by intentionally  sacrificing its drones. Despite the assurances of the Russian and  Abkhazian military that the drones were struck down by Abkhazian air  defense systems, few doubted that Russian aviation was to blame. The  United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG), which is always  cautious in its assessments, came to the same conclusion (26 May, 2008).  Georgia wanted to show Russia’s latent aggression. And the latter  wanted to see just how loyal the international community was to its  principles and test the strength of the Georgian leadership’s nerves.  For the moment the West was happy to limit itself to calls for caution,  the Kremlin believed that any real problems were still a long way off  and that it could continue putting pressure on Georgia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">At the end of April-beginning of May, the  countries showed some of the first signs in a while of coming close to  open warfare. Russia unilateral increased its peacekeeper contingent by  adding paratroopers (its peacekeepers should not include offensive  forces) in Abkhazia, which could have provoked Georgia to respond with  force. But the Georgian authorities once more preferred to appeal to the  international community, which, this time, produced a more perceptible  result. The EU, NATO, and the U.S. asked Russia to re-examine its  decisions to establish direct relations with the separatist authorities  and to bring in additional forces in April. On 15 May, after several  months of no-go, the U.N. General Assembly adopted the resolution  prepared by Georgia calling for recognition of the right of refugees,  forced migrants, and their descendants to return to Abkhazia regardless  of their ethnic origin. The international community became convinced  that passivity regarding the frozen conflicts in Georgia could lead to a  major international crisis and war. High-ranking European (Javier  Solana and Frank-Walter Steinmeier) and American (Matthew Bryza)  diplomats, as well as ambassadors of the EU countries and the U.S.,  began actively visiting Sukhumi, Tbilisi, and Moscow in an attempt to  prevent a military confrontation. Tbilisi succeeded in raising the  settlement process to an international level and getting the  international community to recognize Russia as a discriminating  mediator.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In response, Russia built up its military  might in both of the rebel regions, hoping that the Georgian leadership  would make a mistake. At the end of May, with the objective of  renovating the railroad, the Russian Federation brought rail forces into  Abkhazia and accelerated the building of an unofficial military base in  the Java District of South Ossetia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Despite the active efforts of the  international community, its actions were far too indecisive and slow to  force Russia to curtail its policy. After Dmitry Medvedev was elected  president, some members of the Georgian leadership hoped the heads of  Russia’s bicephalous executive power branch would not see eye to eye and  the president would take the upper hand over the prime minister and his  team of hawks. Mikhail Saakashvili’s first meeting with Dmitry Medvedev  at the summit of CIS heads of state kept these hopes alive and work  even began on various documents, one of which called for the possible  division of Abkhazia into Georgian and Russian “zones of  responsibility,” which <em>Kommersant</em> newspaper supposedly got its  hands on. But the lull in the escalation of the conflict was short-lived  and the tension began to build again in July. This coincided with  Condoleezza Rice’s visit to Georgia when it was no longer denied that  Russian war planes were violating Georgian airspace. At the same time,  the most extensive exercises of the Russian Armed Forces in the Northern  Caucasus in recent years began near Georgia’s borders.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">As for the war itself, there are numerous  scenarios of how events developed, but most of them place the emphasis  on who opened fire first. This is not the right way to look at the  question. The situation on 7 August resulted from the accumulation of  very different events and factors. It is possible that the Georgian army  was the first to move on Tskhinvali in order to gain time since the  adversary had already concentrated additional forces in South Ossetia  and widespread hostilities were inevitable. It is possible that  provocation had its role to play. The Russian leadership had been  showing signs of frustration with Eduard Kokoity’s escapades. The  tension was to his advantage since it helped him to obtain financial and  other resources from Moscow. But the frustration Moscow was showing,  could have been purposefully overplayed. Be that as it may, there can  still be no denying that the development of events from at least March  2008 was leading directly to the military scenario.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The intrusion of Russian forces into  Georgian territory, Moscow’s recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia,  Georgia’s withdrawal from the CIS, and the curtailment of diplomatic  relations between the countries as a result of the war led to a  breakdown in direct contact between Georgia and Russia: all contacts  were carried out through mediators, primarily the EU. French President  Nicolas Sarkozy managed to achieve a cease-fire but could not force  Russia to fulfill all the points of the Medvedev-Sarkozy agreement.  After achieving a certain amount of success in extending its territorial  control, Moscow lost its status of peacekeeper and openly became a side  in the conflict. The country’s image was dealt a heavy blow. Russia’s  main victory can probably be seen in the fact that it put a temporary  halt to NATO’s extension by preventing Georgia and Ukraine from joining  this organization. But the Kremlin was unable to either overthrow  Mikhail Saakashvili or achieve Georgia’s de-sovereignization.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">After calling the Georgian president a  “political corpse” and refusing to hold talks with him, the Kremlin  began espousing the fact that it “was talking to the Georgian people but  not to its government.” Only the Kremlin knows what it means by the  Georgian “people” or “peoples” in this context. Abkhazia and South  Ossetia had been good bait for manipulating the Georgian authorities.  But after the war most of the Georgian establishment understood that The  Kremlin could not voluntarily give back these regions, which noticeably  decreased Russia’s influence on Georgia. But Moscow would try to exert  its influence by other means. Russia has several levers for this. First,  the relations between the Orthodox churches of the two countries and,  second, the Georgian diaspora in Russia.</span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">The  Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) continues to officially regard the  Churches of South Ossetia and Abkhazia as part of the Georgian church.  The Russian political leadership well understands the significance of  the church keeping in mind the great influence of the church on society  in Georgia and the frequently difficult relations between the Georgian  leadership and the religious institution. The Kremlin is pursuing the  goal of driving a wedge between the government and religion in Georgia.  The incidents in the village of Perevi on 12-13 December can also be  regarded in this context, when the Georgian Patriarchy was credited with  the four-hour de-occupation of the village and the return of the  Russian military was presented as a “response to the president’s  thoughtless statement.”<sup><a name="sdfootnote2anc" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote2sym" title="sdfootnote2anc"><sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span></sup></a></sup></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.49in; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The Georgian diaspora in Russia poses  several difficulties for the Kremlin. Despite the numerous statements by  Russian politicians about the millions of Georgians in Russia, there is  barely more than half a million of them. Attempts to use this resource  against the Georgian leadership cannot be very successful while  nationalism and xenophobia about Caucasian nationals prevail in Russia.  Most Russian Georgians do not feel much sympathy for the Russian  authorities since they constantly have to deal with the arbitrary  behavior of the criminal</span></p>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote1">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote1sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote1anc" title="sdfootnote1sym"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> I borrowed this “sports analogy” from  Sergey Markedonov, who used it for the first time in an article in  Russia’s <em>Vesti</em> of 13 April, 2005.</span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div id="sdfootnote2">\r\n<p><a name="sdfootnote2sym" href="../website/mambots/editors/jce/jscripts/tiny_mce/blank.htm#sdfootnote2anc" title="sdfootnote2sym"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">2</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> In reality credit for the temporary  withdrawal of Russian troops from Perevi should have gone to European  diplomats who repeatedly asked the Russian authorities to liberate the  village, which was outside the borders of the former South Ossetian  Autonomous Area. The Georgian Patriarchy had “a very distant and  indirect relation” to this, to put it mildly. But the Russian  authorities tried to tie this fact to Ilia II’s visit to Moscow and win  the gratitude of the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) and Europe at the  same time. And the return of the Russian armed forces to the village was  presented as a “response to Saakashvili’s short-sighted statements.”</span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<span> </span> \r\n<table>\r\n<tbody style="text-align: left;">\r\n<tr style="text-align: left;">\r\n<td style="text-align: left;" width="100%">La coopération franco-azerbaidjanaise</td>\r\n<td style="text-align: right;" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1478&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1478&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Coopération culturelle</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Dans le domaine de la coopération  culturelle, plusieurs partenariats ont été signés entre le Ministère  français de la Culture et de la Communication et le Ministère  azerbaïdjanais de Culture et du Tourisme. Quatre accords concernant la  coopération et l’action culturelle, ainsi qu’un accord entre le Comité  d’Etat azerbaïdjanais pour les Problèmes de la Famille, de la Femme et  de l’Enfant et le Ministère de l’Emploi, de la Cohésion sociale et du  Logement de la République française, ont été signés lors de la visite  d’Etat d’Ilham Aliev en France, en 2007. Parmi ces partenariats, il faut  citer en autres celui passé entre la Bibliothèque Nationale de France  et la Bibliothèque Nationale d’Azerbaïdjan.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pourtant, les liens culturels entre les  deux pays sont tout à fait récents : « <em>Il y a encore quinze ans, il  n’y avait ici rien ou presque en matière de francophonie. Je dois à mes  prédécesseurs d’avoir défriché le terrain en mettant en place un système  de filières d’apprentissage du français dans les universités et d’avoir  créé tout un système d’écoles de référence sur la quasi-totalité du  territoire azerbaïdjanais. Longtemps, la politique a consisté à mettre  en place l’apprentissage général du français. Aujourd’hui, nous sommes à  un autre niveau, nous développons l’apprentissage du français sur  objectifs spécifiques (langue technique)</em> », dit Hugues Baltzinger,  conseiller de coopération et d’action culturelle.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ce redéploiement s’explique, en partie, par  la politique du gouvernement azerbaïdjanais qui, il y a deux ans, a mis  en place un programme de bourses du gouvernement. La France est leader  dans ce programme. Ce dernier a pour objectif de former non seulement  des généralistes en économie, en droit ou en sciences politiques, mais  aussi des spécialistes en médecine, en développement agricole, en  écologie, en nouvelles technologies, en métallurgie… Cette liste de  priorités est nouvelle pour l’Azerbaïdjan. Et il s’agit de domaines dans  lesquels les Français excellent. « <em>Par conséquent, il y a une vraie  volonté de coopération avec nous, or nous manquons pour le moment de  spécialistes azerbaïdjanais maîtrisant le français technique</em>,  poursuit Hugues Baltzinger. <em>Heureusement, nous sommes en train de  pallier ce problème et de mettre en place des instruments qui nous  permettront, dans quelques années, d’avoir encore plus d’étudiants. Pour  l’instant, il y a 40 boursiers azerbaïdjanais en France et 27 en  Allemagne, qui est le deuxième pays d’accueil, après la France.</em> »</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Coopération universitaire</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Les partenariats universitaires existants  sont soit bilatéraux, soit inscrits dans les programmes européens. Parmi  les premiers, on peut citer les liens entre l’Université de Strasbourg,  l’Université de Grenoble, celle de Nice Sophia Antipolis et certaines  universités azerbaïdjanaises. Mais, le plus souvent, les partenariats  sont nés de programmes européens, notamment lorsque les universités ont  remporté ensemble un projet Tempus, ce qui a permis à certaines  universités locales d’intégrer soit des réseaux d’universités européens,  soit des réseaux d’universités francophones en Europe Centrale et  Orientale. C’est le cas, par exemple, de l’Université d’Architecture et  de Génie civil de Bakou. Aujourd’hui, on compte de plus en plus  d’universités qui signent des accords de coopération bilatéraux.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">« <em>La France suscite toujours un attrait  particulier pour les jeunes Azerbaïdjanais qui veulent aller y vivre et y  étudier. Ce qui les attire chez nous, c’est la qualité de notre  enseignement, le coût relativement peu important des études et la  réputation de certaines filières, comme la filière médicale par exemple.  Il y a beaucoup d’étudiants azerbaïdjanais en médecine qui veulent  venir étudier en France parce que nous avons l’une des meilleures  médecines au monde. Idem pour les sciences politiques, l’agriculture et  de nombreuses autres disciplines</em>. <em>Toutefois, lorsqu’ils arrivent  sur place, ils sont pris au dépourvu par notre système d’enseignement :  en Azerbaïdjan, en effet, on travaille beaucoup moins sur l’écrit qu’en  France et les étudiants azerbaïdjanais qui découvrent notre système sont  souvent étonnés par la part importante que prend le travail écrit, </em>analyse  le conseiller culturel.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Par ailleurs, depuis que l’Azerbaïdjan fait  partie du Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg est devenu un pôle  d’attraction important pour les Azerbaïdjanais. Sans oublier les  générations d’étudiants qui reviennent après avoir fait des études en  France, et dont l’exemple génère des vocations auprès des jeunes locaux.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">« <em>Nous faisons en permanence des efforts  pour attirer encore plus de jeunes vers la France. Le programme de  bourses du gouvernement français, qui existe depuis de très nombreuses  années, s’est beaucoup diversifié ces derniers temps : au départ, de  nombreux professeurs de français ont été envoyés en formation en France.  Ensuite, nous avons commencé à former des spécialistes en sciences  politiques, en droit, en administration. Par conséquent, on compte  aujourd’hui dans l’Appareil d’Etat, dans l’Appareil Présidentiel et dans  les ministères de l’Azerbaïdjan de plus en plus de francophones. Il  s’agit d’ex-boursiers qui sont revenus et qui occupent aujourd’hui des  postes importants</em>», confie Hugues Baltzinger.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Il existe au Centre Culturel un endroit où  l’on fournit des informations sur la France. « <em>Nous avons aussi  commencé à aller dans les universités, pour promouvoir l’enseignement en  France, l’enseignement en français et, ce qui est tout à fait nouveau,  l’enseignement en anglais en France, puisque nous avons plusieurs  universités qui, avec l’ouverture européenne, créent des cycles en  anglais</em> », détaille le conseiller.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Les programmes destinés aux institutions  sont aujourd’hui florissants. Notamment, les programmes CISAP pour la  haute fonction publique, le concours de l’ENA et le programme  « Courants » du Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, qui se  concentrent essentiellement sur l’institutionnel de la culture. Des  programmes spécifiques destinés aux managers devraient bientôt être mis  en place.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Coopération technique</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">« <em>L’une des tâches de l’Ambassade de  France en Azerbaïdjan et, en particulier, du Service de Coopération et  d’Action Culturelle (SCAC), est de promouvoir les valeurs européennes.  Ce sont, d’un côté, les valeurs intellectuelles, morales etc., mais ce  sont aussi des valeurs techniques et, globalement, le savoir-faire  européen. On « colle » donc au maximum à tous les programmes européens,  et on essaye de promouvoir les programmes de l’UE : Taiex, Twinning  Programs, etc.</em> », explique Hugues Baltzinger. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Au niveau bilatéral, dans le domaine de la  coopération pour un Etat de Droit, le SCAC met en place des programmes à  destination du Ministère de l’Intérieur – lutte contre le trafic de  stupéfiants - et des Troupes Intérieures (l’équivalent de la gendarmerie  française). </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">« <em>Le SCAC promeut la coopération entre  l’ENA et une administration récemment créée en Azerbaïdjan : le Comité  d’Etat pour la Haute Fonction Publique. Ce dernier a mis en place un  système de concours pour intégrer la fonction publique et a demandé  notre aide. Le directeur des relations internationales de l’ENA était à  Bakou, il y a peu de temps. Nous contribuons ainsi à créer une nouvelle  fonction publique, qui n’est pas uniquement basée sur la cooptation,  mais aussi sur le mérite par l’intermédiaire des concours</em> »,  souligne le conseiller.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Parfois, la coopération technique peut  avoir de l’influence sur la coopération institutionnelle. « <em>Il y a  quelques années, nous avions monté un programme d’aide au département  vétérinaire du Ministère de l’Agriculture, sur les maladies des ovins et  des bovins et plus particulièrement la brucellose et la fièvre  aphteuse. L’Union européenne était extrêmement intéressée par cette  coopération et Bruxelles a débloqué des fonds assez importants. Pour  simplifier la gestion de ces fonds, nous avons, en collaboration avec le  Ministère azerbaïdjanais de l’Agriculture, œuvré à la création d’un  Service d’Etat Vétérinaire indépendant </em>», relate Hugues Baltzinger.  C’est ainsi que, en 2004-2005, fut créée cette entité tout à fait  particulière qu’est le Service d’Etat Vétérinaire. Ce service, qui est  compétent pour toutes les questions d’ordre vétérinaire en Azerbaïdjan,  est le fruit de la coopération technique de l’Azerbaïdjan avec la France  et l’Europe.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Coopération scientifique</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Grâce aux efforts des deux pays, de plus en  plus de programmes de coopération dans les domaines de la biochimie, de  la génétique ou de la chimie voient le jour. Ils recouvrent de nombreux  secteurs qui vont des ferments lactiques à la pharmacologie, notamment  la sauvegarde des plantes du Caucase à laquelle contribuent le CNRS et  les entreprises intéressées par tous les produits pharmacologiques. « <em>Nous  montons de plus en plus de bourses en co-tutelle, et nous finançons  ainsi en partie les bourses des étudiants qui vont en France dans les  instituts de recherche ou dans les laboratoires de recherche  spécialisés. Cela marche extrêmement bien </em>», se félicite Hugues  Baltzinger.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Un autre exemple de coopération  scientifique : le programme arboricole. «<em>Du temps de l’Union  soviétique il existait, dans le centre de l’Azerbaïdjan, à Quba plus  précisément, un verger où se trouvaient toutes les races de pommiers et  de poiriers. Après l’effondrement de l’URSS, par manque de moyens, ce  centre a périclité. Les autorités azerbaïdjanaises se sont adressées à  nous pour aider à faire revivre ce verger-pilote. Nous les avons mis en  contact avec la Chambre d’Agriculture du Loiret et nous avons monté un  programme qui a été, tout d’abord, un programme de sauvegarde du  matériel végétal mais qui, par la suite, est devenu un programme  économique : une coopérative regroupant les arboriculteurs de la région a  été créée ; du matériel végétal français a été acheté par la partie  azerbaïdjanaise et enfin, nous avons procédé à des essais de blé dans  toutes les régions de l’Azerbaïdjan. Progressivement, la science, la  technique et le business ont fédéré et aujourd’hui c’est un programme,  autonome, qui fonctionne assez bien </em>», explique le conseiller  culturel. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Le succès de ce projet en a généré un  autre, qui est un projet dans le domaine de la génétique : « <em>Il  existe, en Europe, une maladie génétique des prunus, c’est-à-dire des  arbres à noyau   abricotiers, pêchers, pruniers etc. - qui a coûté  depuis quelques années plus de 30 milliards d’euros. On s’est aperçu que  le matériel végétal importé ici et greffé sur le matériel végétal  azerbaïdjanais n’était pas malade. Nous en avons conclu que le matériel  végétal local était résistant au virus ! Nous soutenons actuellement une  coopération entre l’INRA de Bordeaux et l’Institut de Génétique de  l’Université d’Etat de Bakou, à laquelle nous tentons d’associer  l’Ukraine, qui possède en Crimée, « le jardin de Nikita », dans lequel  se trouve le plus bel échantillonnage de prunus au monde</em> ».</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hormis ces programmes, de nombreux autres  projets en gestation, dans les domaines de l’aéronautique (dans les  études des satellites et des images satellitaires qui permettent de  prévoir les tremblements de terre), des mathématiques, des  nanotechnologies, etc. La coopération scientifique, déjà active, a un  avenir prometteur. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">« <em>Aujourd’hui, l’Azerbaïdjan ne se gêne  plus pour formuler ses souhaits et ses besoins. L’ouverture avec le  programme de bourses permet de dire, de manière très humble, qu’on a  besoin de nous. Je trouve que c’est extrêmement profitable à la  coopération parce que les besoins sont importants et que la volonté que  nous, Français, avons de travailler ici est grande. En ce moment, la  conjoncture est assez favorable pour resserrer nos liens</em> », assure  Hugues Baltzinger.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Encadré</strong></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>L’Institut Français des Etudes  Anatoliennes (IFEA) fait partie de la vingtaine d’instituts de recherche  français situés à l’étranger et en grande partie financés par le Quai  d’Orsay. L’IFEA, c’est aussi l’un des plus anciens instituts français à  l’étranger. Il a été créé en 1930, pour encadrer les activités de la  mission archéologique française en Turquie. Mais, progressivement, ses  activités se sont développées : aujourd’hui l’IFEA mène des recherches  dans toutes les sciences humaines   l’archéologie, l’histoire (ancienne,  médiévale, moderne), la sociologie, l’économie, la géographie, les  sciences politiques, la linguistique, etc. L’IFEA compte une trentaine  de chercheurs et organise de nombreux événements scientifiques tous les  ans. </strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Visa France a  rencontré Thornike Gordadze, chercheur et responsable de l’antenne de  l’IFEA de Bakou.</strong> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Visa France :  Parlez-nous de l’antenne de l’IFEA sur le Caucase que vous dirigez et de  ses activités...</strong> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Thornike Gordadze</strong> :  La création et l’installation de l’Observatoire du Caucase à Bakou sont  assez récentes. Ce département existe depuis 2000. Jusqu’en 2003, il se  situait à Istanbul, où se trouvent tous les laboratoires de l’IFEA.  Comme l’IFEA, l’Observatoire du Caucase est également  pluridisciplinaire. Principalement, nos séminaires portent sur les  sciences politiques, mais pas uniquement. Les linguistes, les  historiens, les sociologues y participent beaucoup. Nous organisons des  séminaires et des conférences à Bakou et à Tbilissi et nous accueillons  les chercheurs français et européens qui s’intéressent au Caucase.  Parfois, nous participons à des joint-ventures avec les autres centres  français d’études et de recherches, par exemple avec le Centre  franco-russe des sciences sociales de Moscou. </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Le séminaire que j’organise tous les mois  s’intitule « La formation des identités nationales dans le Caucase ». Il  permet de brasser un nombre de sujets assez large. Les sujets des  conférences sont plus vastes. Récemment, j’ai organisé une conférence  avec des historiens sur le legs des empires des différentes régions :  l’empire ottoman, l’empire russe, l’empire perse. Actualité oblige : au  mois de mars 2009, à Tbilissi, j’ai également réuni des chercheurs pour  un colloque international sur la politique de l’UE vis-à-vis de la  Russie après la guerre en Géorgie. De nombreux chercheurs européens, les  diplomates de l’UE et les ministres géorgiens y ont participé. C’était  un vrai succès, car peu de colloques réunissent autant de monde dans la  région. En juin on a tenu, ici à Bakou, un séminaire sur l’islam et la  politique. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Il m’arrive de co-organiser des événements  avec des instituts de recherche basés en France, particulièrement avec  le CERI, où je suis chercheur associé. D’ailleurs, nous recevons assez  souvent des chercheurs du CERI. On envoie aussi, de temps en temps, des  chercheurs locaux en France, notamment à l’EHESS (l''École des hautes  études en sciences sociales), surtout les historiens. Nous en avons déjà  envoyé trois avec des bourses de 2-3 mois. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Quels sont les  raisons et les avantages du transfert de l’antenne caucasienne de l’IFEA  d’Istanbul à Bakou ?</strong> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Il faut rappeler qu’initialement, l’antenne  caucasienne n’existait même pas. L’IFEA ne couvrait pas le Caucase. La  création de l’Observatoire, puis le fait qu’on a délocalisé l’antenne  ici, à Bakou, prouve que l’intérêt pour cette zone de la part de la  France et de l’Europe est croissant. A Bakou nous sommes plus  directement sur le terrain. Cet été, lors de la guerre en Géorgie, le  fait d’être ici, en plein cœur des événements, s’est avéré très utile.  Notre expertise en la matière a été largement sollicitée non seulement  pas les journalistes, mais aussi par les décideurs français et européens </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Comment expliquer  la croissance de l’intérêt de la France et de l’Europe vis-à-vis du  Caucase ?</strong> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Les pays du Caucase sont devenus, avec  l’élargissement européen, des voisins proches de l’UE. Ces pays sont  devenus ses partenaires privilégiés puisqu’ils font partie du programme  de partenariat oriental de l’UE. A long terme, ils aspirent tous à  rejoindre l’Europe Unie. Par conséquent, l’Europe et la France , qui est  l’un des pays moteurs de l’UE, ne peuvent pas fermer les yeux sur ce  qui se passe dans le Caucase. Les événements de l’été 2008 ont montré à  quel point la région est cruciale pour la sécurité régionale, pour les  relations de l’UE avec la Russie et avec la Turquie , et pour les  questions sécuritaires, mais aussi énergétiques. Il serait pratique que  l’un des itinéraires alternatifs d’acheminement des ressources  énergétiques vers l’UE passe par le Caucase du Sud, notamment par  l’Azerbaïdjan et la Géorgie. L’intérêt de l’Europe vis-à-vis de cette  zone est donc très naturel. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Comment évaluez  vous l’état actuel de la coopération en sciences humaines entre la  France et l’Azerbaïdjan?</strong> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cette coopération se développe et, à mon  avis, l’Azerbaïdjan en a grandement besoin. Le pays a vu exploser sa  croissance économique, et l’afflux d’argent dans les caisses est très  sensible. Hélas, pour le moment, cet argent ne va pas forcement dans la  science et l’éducation (ou alors dans les domaines de la science  immédiatement applicables à l’économie, comme le business management ou  le secteur pétrolier). Notre rôle à nous, c’est aussi d’encourager les  jeunes Azerbaïdjanais qui sortent des universités et qui aimeraient se  consacrer à la recherche, de leur dire qu’il y a des possibilités de  carrière, des bourses. Je suis plutôt optimiste concernant l’avenir des  sciences humaines : lorsque je fais mes séminaires dans le Centre  Culturel Français de Bakou (et à Tbilissi), la salle est toujours  pleine, l’intérêt est évident ! </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Coopération linguistique</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Voici d’abord quelques chiffres : </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Nombre d’écoles azerbaïdjanaises où on  enseigne le français : 399</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Nombre d’enseignants de Français Langue  Etrangère (FLE) : 908</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Nombre d’apprenants du français en  Azerbaïdjan : 74.634</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L’Université des Langues d’Azerbaïdjan  avait jusqu’en 1998 le monopole de la formation des professeurs de  français. Aujourd’hui, les filières de français sont au nombre de cinq :</span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Université des Langues d’Azerbaïdjan  (Bakou)</span></p>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Université Pédagogique de Bakou</span></p>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Université de Nakhitchevan</span></p>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Université de Gandja</span></p>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Université de Lenkoran</span></p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Très longtemps, notre politique  linguistique consistait à créer des écoles dans lesquelles on apprenait  le français. L’anglais est, bien sûr, la langue étrangère dominante, et  le russe tient dans ce pays une place particulière pour des raisons  historiques évidentes. Le français occupe la deuxième place après  l’anglais, devant l’allemand, ce qui est plutôt bien. « <em>A</em><em>ctuellement,  dans les écoles secondaires, le français est peut-être en légère  baisse. En revanche, dans les universités et les instituts techniques et  scientifiques, c’est l’inverse qui se produit. Cette tendance est assez  récente, mais, depuis trois-quatre ans, tout le monde veut apprendre le  français</em> », se réjouit Hugues Baltzinger.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Quelles sont les raisons de l’explosion de  l’intérêt pour la langue de Molière? « <em>Je pense que tout le monde a  plus ou moins appris l’anglais. Et donc, comme tout le monde le parle,  cela ne vous confère aucun avantage sur le marché du travail. Or le  français est l’une des langues des organisations internationales ; il  est donc important pour les étudiants qui font du droit, de l’économie,  des sciences politiques de le posséder en plus de l’anglais. Demain, il  en sera de même pour les techniciens, les médecins, les ingénieurs  agricoles, les scientifiques… Il y a un véritable besoin d’ouverture et  une volonté de parler français.</em> »</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pour maintenir et renforcer cet intérêt, le  service culturel ouvre des cours de français auprès des administrations  et dans certaines universités techniques. « <em>On parle même de créer  une chaire de français dans certaines universités techniques, telles que  l’Université de Médecine, l’Université d’Architecture et de Génie  civil, l’Institut Polytechnique (qui s’appelle maintenant l’Université  Technique), l’Académie d’Agriculture… Bref, on essaie de cibler les  établissements, en fonction des priorités azerbaïdjanaises, mais surtout  de l’expertise qu’on peut leur apporter</em> », précise Hugues  Baltzinger.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">En ce qui concerne l’enseignement  secondaire, il y a, en Azerbaïdjan, une cinquantaine d’écoles  spécialisées en français. Il existe un institut de formation continue  des professeurs de français, que le service culturel de l’Ambassade de  France aide et appuie. Il existe également une Association des  Professeurs de français, extrêmement active, qui édite le journal <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Le  Français en Azerbaïdjan</span>. « <em>Nous envoyons tous les ans en France  des professeurs dans des centres de formation de FLE en France et nous  avons créé, en 2005, le « village français », où nous organisons pendant  deux semaines (deux sessions d’une semaine) des cours de français pour  les enseignants qui ne partent pas en France. Nous invitons des  pédagogues français de France et, pendant quinze jours, nous formons des  professeurs de français aux méthodes d’enseignement adéquates.</em> »  L’Association des Professeurs de Français d’Azerbaïdjan (APFAZ), a été  créée en 1996 par trois professeurs de l’Université des Langues  d’Azerbaïdjan. C’est une association bénévole à but non-lucratif, qui a  pour objectif le soutien à l’enseignement du français en Azerbaïdjan à  tous les niveaux (scolaire et universitaire), ainsi que la promotion et  la diffusion de cette langue et de sa civilisation. Depuis sa création,  l’APFAZ est membre de la Fédération Internationale des Professeurs de  Français (FIPF). Elle compte actuellement plus de 300 membres et possède  deux voix lors des votes de la FIPF. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Il ne faut pas oublier le rôle que jouent  dans la promotion de la langue et de la culture française les anciens  boursiers. Il y a quelques années, rares étaient ceux d’entre eux qui  revenaient au pays, mais aujourd’hui la tendance s’est complètement  inversée. Depuis l’explosion de la croissance économique due aux revenus  pétroliers, les jeunes reviennent, attirés par des salaires élevés et  des possibilités de carrière fulgurante. Par conséquent, les  ex-boursiers sont très présents dans l’administration. Il y en a  beaucoup, notamment au Ministère de la Culture et du Tourisme, qui a  fait un très gros effort et a embauché ces dernières années de nombreux  francophones : département des relations internationales mais également  dans les autres directions et dans le tourisme.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Coopération audio-visuelle</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L’Azerbaïdjan fait partie des pays où la  France envoie un attaché audiovisuel régional. Il est basé à Istanbul.  En Azerbaïdjan, deux chaînes de télévision diffusent des programmes  français : Lider TV et ITV (cette dernière est la chaîne publique).  Elles diffusent des programmes français par l’intermédiaire de Canal  France International (CFI). Lider TV a également un accord avec la  chaîne franco-allemande ARTE.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Dans le domaine de l’audiovisuel, le  service culturel entretient une relation amicale avec Roustam  Ibragimbekov, célèbre écrivain, scénariste, réalisateur et producteur  azerbaïdjanais (il a notamment écrit le scénario du film de Nikita  Mikhalkov « Soleil trompeur », qui a reçu le grand prix du jury à Cannes  en 1994). Ibragimbekov a créé ici un festival de cinéma « le  Festival Est-Ouest », un théâtre, « le théâtre Ibrus » ainsi qu’une  école de cinéma. « <em>Nous essayons de coopérer le plus souvent possible</em>,  raconte Hugues Baltzinger. <em>Ainsi, récemment, nous avons fait venir  Vitali Kanevski, acteur et réalisateur russe (réalisateur entre autres  du film « Bouge pas, meurs et ressuscite »), qui a donné à Bakou une  master-class pendant trois semaines. Nous avons également organisé un  concours pour envoyer deux personnes au festival de Cannes cette année.  La coopération audiovisuelle commence à se développer. L’Azerbaïdjan,  comme tous les pays de l’ex-URSS, revient de loin : dans toute cette  zone, le cinéma a été assez mal traité, c’est devenu un art négligé. Et  après l’obtention de l’indépendance, la diffusion des DVD piratés a  littéralement tué les salles de cinéma. Aujourd’hui, le cinéma commence à  renaître à Bakou, après une période difficile, en grande partie grâce à  l’impulsion donnée par Ibragimbekov et par celle annoncée du Ministre  de la Culture et du Tourisme, M. Abulfaz Qaraev. Cependant, pour le  moment, il y a encore trop peu d’événements cinématographiques</em> »,  regrette le conseiller. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Source : </em><em>Le  Service de Coopération et d’Action Culturelle</em><em> de l’Ambassade de  France en Azerbaïdjan</em>.</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Centre Culturel Français de Bakou</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Le Centre Culturel Français de Bakou a  été inauguré officiellement le 11 avril 2005 en présence de plusieurs  ministres azerbaïdjanais et d’une délégation de parlementaires français.</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Il est situé en  plein centre de la capitale azerbaïdjanaise, à proximité du nouveau parc  Heydar Aliev. Sur une superficie de 350 m</strong><sup><strong>2</strong></sup><strong>, le  CCF dispose de deux espaces d’exposition, d’une médiathèque comportant  près de 7 000 ouvrages en français ainsi que de nombreux journaux,  périodiques, cassettes vidéo, CD, BD, DVD, CD-ROM et jeux de société ;  d’une salle vidéo ; de quatre salles de cours ; d’un espace de  convivialité et de bornes informatiques en libre accès. C’est donc un  espace d’apprentissage, de rencontre, d’information, de recherche et  d’exposition qui occupe une place importante dans la vie culturelle de  Bakou.</strong></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Visa France a rencontré Hugues  Baltzinger, le directeur du Centre Culturel de Bakou et Conseiller de  coopération et d’action culturelle à l’Ambassade de France.</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Visa France : Dans quelles circonstances  le Centre Culturel de Bakou a-t-il été créé ?</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Hugues Baltzinger</strong> :  Initialement, il existait ici un Centre de ressources dans les locaux  de l’Université des Langues d’Azerbaïdjan. Sur une initiative du  sénateur Boyer reprise par le sénateur Dupont, nous avons décidé de  créer un Centre culturel ayant pour nom Centre Culturel « George-Sand ».  En fait, George Sand, à son époque, avait découvert une traduction en  anglais de <em>Koroglou</em> (épopée traditionnelle azerbaïdjanaise).  Intéressée par le texte, elle en avait elle-même assumé la traduction.  Alexandre Dumas a également voyagé dans la région, mais un centre  portant son nom étant déjà ouvert en Géorgie, nous avons décidé de  donner à celui de Bakou le nom de l’écrivaine française. Il a pu voir le  jour essentiellement grâce à une subvention exceptionnelle du Sénat  français.</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Le Centre a donc été ouvert dans un  bâtiment qui est aujourd’hui celui du Ministère des Situations d’Urgence  mais qui, à l’époque, était l’Institut de recherche sur les projets  architecturaux. Il se trouve sur l’une des places les plus fréquentées  de Bakou, la place de l’Académie de Musique, où se trouve aussi  l’ex-Palais des Congrès, qui s’appelle aujourd’hui Palais  « Heydar-Aliev ».</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Qui pousse aujourd’hui la porte du Centre  Culturel Français de Bakou et pour quelles raisons ?</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ce sont le plus souvent les étudiants des  filières de français, les étudiants qui apprennent déjà le français ou  ceux qui veulent l’apprendre.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Le Centre est également fréquenté par les  membres de la communauté française installée sur place, spécialement par  les épouses et les enfants des employés français en Azerbaïdjan. Nous  avons une heure de conte pour les petits enfants, des animations, des  expositions. Viennent aussi les gens de l’Union des photographes et des  peintres. Plus généralement, tous ceux qui s’intéressent à la culture  poussent notre porte simplement pour voir ce qu’on y fait, ce qu’on y  dit, ce qu’on y présente, ce qu’on y expose.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ainsi, l’enseignement de la langue  française représente une part importante de vos activités ?</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L’enseignement du français représente, en  effet, une très grande part de nos activités. Près de mille étudiants  fréquentent nos cours sur une année. La réduction des budgets alloués à  la coopération culturelle et la volonté d’accroître l’autonomie  financière des centres culturels nous amènent à développer de plus en  plus les activités de cours de français. Il existe des cours destinés en  priorité au français général, mais nous avons aussi des cours sur  objectifs spécifiques. Les administrations azerbaïdjanaises sont nos  partenaires privilégiés. Ainsi nous dispensons des cours de français au  Ministère des Affaires Etrangères ; au Ministère de l’Intérieur ; au  Ministère de la Défense ; au Ministère du Travail et des Affaires  sociales ; à l’Université de Médecine et à l’Académie d’Agriculture.  Cette liste n’est bien ni exhaustive, ni définitive.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Parmi les événements que vous  avez-organisés en 2008, lequel a été le plus apprécié par le public  azerbaïdjanais ? Et le plus fréquenté ?</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L’exposition « Essences insensées »  organisée par Culturesfrance et consacrée aux parfums a eu un succès  incroyable. C’était une exposition, « hors les murs », consacrée aux  flacons de parfums dessinés par des grands designers français. En  Azerbaïdjan, comme dans le monde entier, les parfums français sont très  appréciés, de plus, l’endroit où avait lieu l’exposition est  extraordinaire, en plein centre de Bakou, ce qui a, sans doute,  contribué à son succès.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Nous avons également organisé un concert de  jazz, également très apprécié par le public bakinois féru de jazz. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Quels sont vos grands projets pour  2009 ?</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Nous en avons beaucoup. D’abord, dans le  domaine de la musique, nous avons décidé de dédier notre programme  musical 2009 aux voix. Nous avons commencé par un spectacle de flamenco,  un mélange de chant et de danse. Ensuite, le 16 avril, Patrick  Calafato, haute-contre, s’est produit dans la rotonde du Centre des  Musées. Sensation à Bakou, car c’était une première : il n’y avait  jamais eu de concert de haute-contre auparavant ! En juin, le Centre  Culturel Français a invité le groupe polyphonique corse « A Fileta ».  Ensuite, en septembre, nous présenterons des poèmes chantés de musique  contemporaine. Certains de ces poèmes ont été écrits par le président de  l’INALCO (l’</span><a href="http://www.inalco.fr/ina_gabarit_rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=47"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Institut</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> national des langues et civilisations  orientales, qui coopère avec l’Azerbaïdjan puisqu’on y a ouvert un  département azerbaïdjanais) et mis en musique par un jeune compositeur  français, Pierre Thilloy, en résidence d’artiste à Bakou depuis quelques  années, qui édite en France certains compositeurs contemporains  azerbaïdjanais. Enfin, nous terminerons l’année musicale en novembre par  le concert de Fabrice Di Falco, sopraniste. Les hautes-contre sont très  peu connus (il n’y en a jamais eu à Bakou, mais le public sait ce que  c’est) ; en revanche, personne ne sait ici ce que c’est qu’un  sopraniste. Je pense que ce sera l’événement culturel de l’année à  Bakou.</span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Si l’espace dévolu aux expositions dans le  Centre Culturel n’est pas très grand, nous tenons beaucoup à notre  petite salle d’exposition, puisqu’elle nous permet d’exposer la jeune  création azerbaïdjanaise. J’aimerais aussi y faire venir des  représentants de la jeune création française : des photographes ou des  peintres, jusqu’ici inconnus. Nous voulons organiser (cela sera fait  sans doute en septembre) une grande exposition sur l’écologie, consacrée  en particulier à la défense des esturgeons dans la mer Caspienne. C’est  un projet que nous montons avec le Ministère de l’Ecologie de  l’Azerbaïdjan et je veux le faire à l’extérieur du Centre : nous  souhaitons accrocher des photos grand format sur les murs extérieurs de  l’Ambassade. Nous procéderons de la même manière avec l’exposition  technique d’une grande société française, qui fait de l’exploitation  pétrolière. Par ce genre d’expositions, je tiens à rappeler, si besoin  est, que la France n’est pas uniquement le pays des parfums et de la  mode, mais également celui de la technique et de la technologie. </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Encadré</strong></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Contact </strong></span></p>\r\n<h4><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Centre Culturel Français</span></h4>\r\n<p style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 100%; text-align: justify;" lang="fr-CA"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">67, rue Fuzouli, Bakou</span></p>\r\n<span lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">T.: (+ 994 12) 596 35 80  <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Fax : (+ 994 12) 596 35 81 <br /> E-mail : </span></span><a href="mailto:%20%3Cscript%20language=%27JavaScript%27%20type=%27text/javascript%27%3E%20%3C%21--%20var%20prefix%20=%20%27ma%27%20+%20%27il%27%20+%20%27to%27;%20var%20path%20=%20%27hr%27%20+%20%27ef%27%20+%20%27=%27;%20var%20addy5487%20=%20%27ccfbakou%27%20+%20%27@%27;%20addy5487%20=%20addy5487%20+%20%27gmail%27%20+%20%27.%27%20+%20%27com%27;%20document.write%28%20%27%3Ca%20%27%20+%20path%20+%20%27%5C%27%27%20+%20prefix%20+%20%27:%27%20+%20addy5487%20+%20%27%5C%27%3E%27%20%29;%20document.write%28%20addy5487%20%29;%20document.write%28%20%27%3C%5C/a%3E%27%20%29;%20//--%3E%5Cn%20%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%20language=%27JavaScript%27%20type=%27text/javascript%27%3E%20%3C%21--%20document.write%28%20%27%3Cspan%20style=%5C%27display:%20none;%5C%27%3E%27%20%29;%20//--%3E%20%3C/script%3ECet%20e-mail%20est%20prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9%20contre%20les%20robots%20collecteurs%20de%20mails,%20votre%20navigateur%20doit%20accepter%20le%20Javascript%20pour%20le%20voir%20%3Cscript%20language=%27JavaScript%27%20type=%27text/javascript%27%3E%20%3C%21--%20document.write%28%20%27%3C/%27%20%29;%20document.write%28%20%27span%3E%27%20%29;%20//--%3E%20%3C/script%3E"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> <!--  var prefix = ''&#109;a'' + ''i&#108;'' + ''&#116;o'';  var path = ''hr'' + ''ef'' + ''='';  var addy5487 = ''ccfb&#97;k&#111;&#117;'' + ''&#64;'';  addy5487 = addy5487 + ''gm&#97;&#105;l'' + ''&#46;'' + ''c&#111;m'';  document.write( ''<a '' + path + ''\\'''' + prefix + '':'' + addy5487 + ''\\''>'' );  document.write( addy5487 );  document.write( ''<\\/a>'' );  //-->\\n  // --&gt;</span></span></a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="mailto:ccfbakou@gmail.com">ccfbakou@gmail.com</a></span>', 1, 13, 0, 68, '2010-04-06 12:05:00', 62, '', '2010-04-06 12:06:21', 62, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:05:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 5, '', '', 0, 40, 'robots=\nauthor=');
INSERT INTO `jos_content` (`id`, `title`, `alias`, `title_alias`, `introtext`, `fulltext`, `state`, `sectionid`, `mask`, `catid`, `created`, `created_by`, `created_by_alias`, `modified`, `modified_by`, `checked_out`, `checked_out_time`, `publish_up`, `publish_down`, `images`, `urls`, `attribs`, `version`, `parentid`, `ordering`, `metakey`, `metadesc`, `access`, `hits`, `metadata`) VALUES
(157, 'Publications de Thorniké Gordadzé en 2008', 'publications-de-thornike-gordadze-en-2008', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Publications de Thorniké Gordadzé en 2008</span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1078&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1078&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">“Georgian Nationalism under  Soviet Rule: Actors, New Trends, Hegemonic <br /> Transactions”, in Ronald Grigor Suny and MAEDA Hirotake (eds.), <br /> Between Russia and the Middle East: Caucasia and its Peoples, New <br /> Horizons of the Islamic Studies Series, Routledge, 2008 <br /> <br /> « Que reste-t-il du stalinisme en Géorgie ? », in /Courrier des pays de  l’Est/, novembre 2008 <br /> <br /> « Les grands manœuvres en Géorgie », in <em>/Politique Internationale/</em>, N° 106, février 2008 <br /> <br /> "La Géorgie - une nation qui vient de loin", in <em>/Histoire/</em>,  n°336, novembre 2008 <br /> <br /> "L’Empire contre l’Etat-nation. L’Ossétie du Sud  au cœur du conflit  russo-géorgien", in Merlin A. et Serrano S., (eds.), /Le Caucase  post-soviétique. Identités et Conflits/, Editions de l''ULB, Bruxelles,  2008 </span>', '', 1, 13, 0, 68, '2010-04-06 12:05:36', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:05:36', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 4, '', '', 0, 9, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(158, 'GeorgiaStamb 	  Boris V. Sokolov', 'georgiastamb-boris-v-sokolov', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #ff6600;">GeorgiaStamb</span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=994&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>Boris V. Sokolov</strong></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong> </strong></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>The Russian strategy, tactics and policy in the Russian-Georgian conflict: gains and  losses</strong></span></span></p>', '', 1, 13, 0, 68, '2010-04-06 12:06:50', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:06:50', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 3, '', '', 0, 7, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(159, 'Consequences of the Russian-Georgian War', 'consequences-of-the-russian-georgian-war', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%">Consequences of the Russian-Georgian War</td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=990&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=990&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=937'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><strong>After August 2008: Consequences of the  Russian-Georgian War</strong>, The Caucasus Institute For Peace, Democracy  and Development</span></p>\r\n<p><a href="../website/images/stories/caucase/after_august_2008_cipdd%5B1%5D.pdf" target="_self"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Télécharger le pdf</span> </a></p>', '', 1, 13, 0, 68, '2010-04-06 12:07:48', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:07:48', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 2, '', '', 0, 6, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(160, 'Istanbul 2010', 'istanbul-2010', '', '<img src="../website/images/stories/agendaarchives/istanbul_2010_logo.jpg" alt="istanbul_2010_logo.jpg" style="float: left; margin: 5px; width: 106px; height: 150px;" title="istanbul_2010_logo.jpg" width="106" height="150" />\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">L''</span><strong>IFEA</strong> <span style="color: #808080;">et son</span> <strong>O</strong>bservatoire  <strong>U</strong>rbain d''<strong>I</strong>stanbul <span style="color: #808080;">effectuent un suivi des nombreuses activités qui  se déroulent sous l''égide d''</span><em>Istanbul 2010,  Capitale européenne de la culture</em><span style="color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. Vous trouverez dans  cette rubrique le programme des séminaires en analysant les enjeux,  ainsi qu''une série d''articles relatant les événements intervenus.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: gray; line-height: 115%; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';" lang="FR"><span style="color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L’<span style="color: #ff6600;">IFEA</span> (Fransız Anadolu  Araştırmaları Merkezi) dahilindeki <span style="color: #ff6600;">Şehir Gözlem Merkezi</span> İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti  kapsamında devam eden bir çok etkinliği inceliyor. Bu başlık altında,  yapılan seminerler ve gündemleri, aynı zamanda takip ettiğimiz  etkinlikleri anlatan bir makale dizisi de yer almaktadır.</span></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 50, '2010-04-06 12:26:51', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:26:51', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 713, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(161, 'Etat des lieux de l''Orientalisme aujourd''hui', 'etat-des-lieux-de-lorientalisme-aujourdhui', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%">Etat des lieux de l''Orientalisme aujourd''hui</td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1008" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1008'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1008&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=862" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1008&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=862'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan="2" valign="top">\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Etat des lieux de l''Orientalisme  aujourd''hui</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Responsables du projet  : Sophie Basch  (Professeur à l''Université Paris IV-Sorbonne) et Nora Şeni (Professeur à  l''Université Paris 8-Directrice de l''IFEA)</span></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span><br /></span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 74, '2010-04-06 12:32:39', 62, '', '2010-04-06 12:33:32', 62, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:32:39', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 330, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(162, 'Projet 2010: Inventaire des établissements culturels d’Istanbul', 'projet-2010-inventaire-des-etablissements-culturels-distanbul', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Projet 2010: Inventaire culturel  d’Istanbul</span></span></strong></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=892" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span><br /></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=892&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=862" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span><br /></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><img alt="baslik4" src="images/stories/baslik4.jpg" width="77" height="118" /><img alt="kultur_ve_turizm_bakanligi.gif" src="images/stories/kultur_ve_turizm_bakanligi.gif.jpg" width="192" height="149" /><img alt="tba" src="images/stories/ifea/logo/tba.jpg" width="115" height="106" /> <img alt="ifealogo-couleur" src="images/stories/ifea/logo/ifealogo-couleur.jpg" width="142" height="109" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Inventaire des  établissements culturels d’Istanbul</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Ce programme vise à recenser l’ensemble des équipements culturels (musées, centres culturels,  bibliothèques etc.) et des événements  (festivals,  biennales, etc.) qui animent İstanbul.<br />Le fonds cartographique de l''IFEA sera exploité dans le cadre de ce programme dans une démarche comparative à travers l''histoire de la ville d''Istanbul. Les cartes du fonds IFEA seront</span><span style="color: #888888;"> mises en  ligne</span><span style="color: #888888;"> et accessibles à tous.   <br />Sous la responsabilité scientifique de <span style="color: #ff6600;">Nora Seni</span>, l''IFEA s''occupe également d''une partie des grandes rubriques de la section "Economie culturelle" du projet. Une recherche est conduite au sujet des musées privées, des galléries d''art. Les collections et les collectionneurs seront recensés.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Les partenaires du projet</strong> : La Direction générale de la Culture et du Tourisme à Istanbul (İstanbul İl Kültür Turizm Müdürlüğü), l''Académie turque des sciences (TÜBA), la Grande Mairie d''Istanbul (İBB) et l''Institut Français d''Etudes Anatoliennes.<br /><strong>Le coordinateur du projet<span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> global: </span></strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Hakan Tanrıöver <span style="color: #808080;">du Ministère de la Culture et du Tourisme.</span></span></span></span><img title="Preview" src="../images/stories/baslik4.jpg" width="52" height="80" /><span style="color: #888888;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="color: #808080;"> </span></span></span> <br /></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 74, '2010-04-06 12:33:36', 62, '', '2010-06-11 07:06:52', 64, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:33:36', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 4, 0, 2, '', '', 0, 909, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(163, 'Séminaires Istanbul 2010', 'seminaires-istanbul-2010', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1732" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1732'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1732&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1732&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Recherches autour d''« Istanbul 2010. Capitale européenne de la  culture » <br /> </span></strong></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span><span><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Organisé par </strong></span><a target="_self" href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1421&amp;Itemid=1033"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Yoann Morvan</strong></span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<span style="color: #808080;"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Le séminaire se  tient un <strong>lundi</strong> (<strong>19h / IFEA</strong>) par  mois sur cette thématique ouverte et transdisciplinaire.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>-</strong> Le <strong>Lundi 14 décembre</strong>, <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Korhan Gümüş</span></strong> est invité.</span></span></span></span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cliquer  ici pour la </span><a target="_self" href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1609&amp;Itemid=1001"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Conférence  en ligne</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>-</strong> Le <strong>11 janvier</strong>, les invités sont <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Asu Aksoy</span></strong> et <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Orhan Esen</span></strong>.</span></span> </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>-</strong> Le <strong>22 février</strong>, <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Cengiz Aktar</span></strong> est  invité.</span></span></span></span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cliquer ici pour la </span><a target="_self" href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1767&amp;Itemid=1001"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Conférence  en ligne</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>-</strong> Le <strong>15 mars</strong>, <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Nora Şeni</span></strong> est invitée.</span></span></span></span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><strong>-</strong> Le <strong>26  avril</strong>, <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Bige Örer</span></strong> est invitée.</span></span><span> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>-</strong> Le <strong>24 mai</strong>,  <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Jean-François Pérouse</span></strong> est invité.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"> </p>\r\n</span>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">En 2010, Istanbul va jouir d’une importante  visibilité médiatique en Europe. En effet, la mégalopole turque  bénéficiera de son statut temporaire de « Capitale européenne de la  culture », label attribué par la Commission européenne destiné à  promouvoir un certain nombre de manifestations culturelles. C’est la  première fois qu’une entité urbaine d’un tel poids, tant historique que  démographique, s’est trouvée être sélectionnée depuis la montée en  puissance de ce label au cours des années 1990. Certes, Istanbul  s’inscrit dans la liste déjà longue des métropoles entendant utiliser  cette occasion pour se doter par la culture, notamment par la  requalification de friches industrielles et la reconquête de <em>waterfronts</em>,  d’une image de marque sur le très concurrentiel marché globalisé des  villes. Cependant, comme nous l’analyserons, le cas d’Istanbul comporte  des particularités qui le singularisent nettement par rapport à ses  prédécesseurs. </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Au premier chef, le contexte géopolitique  place « Istanbul 2010 » au cœur du problème plus complexe de la  candidature turque d’adhésion à l’Union Européenne. Etre « Capitale  européenne de la culture » est pour l’ancienne capitale de l’Empire  Ottoman un moyen d’affirmer son identité occidentale. A travers sa  vitrine urbaine stambouliote transformée par cet évènement, c’est aussi  pour la Turquie une manière de s’intégrer virtuellement au club des  membres de l’Union. Parallèlement à ce contexte interétatique, un jeu  d’acteurs propre aux tensions d’une société urbaine locale en pleine  effervescence est le terreau qui a permis à Istanbul de décrocher ce  statut si convoité : son obtention doit beaucoup aux actions d’une  nouvelle élite économique désireuse de s’investir dans le champ  culturel. Les autorités politiques islamiques modérées n’ont fait  qu’accompagner des initiatives qui ne pouvaient qu’accroitre leur image  de respectabilité et de tolérance. Ainsi, d’inédits partenariats  public/privé ont été institués de façon à soutenir les projets et  équipements qui allaient servir à la candidature puis aux manifestations  estampillées « Capitale européenne de la culture ». Ces partenariats  reflètent les processus contradictoires d’une modernisation turque dont  l’urbanisation des mœurs stambouliotes est le fer de lance. Toutefois, à  qui s’adresse en définitive « Istanbul 2010 »? </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">Cheval  de Troie de l’européanisation, le public visé par « Istanbul 2010 »  n’est peut-être pas tant la frange la plus occidentalisée de la  population urbaine locale qu’une nouvelle fraction de la masse  touristique se rendant sur les rives du Bosphore souhaitant découvrir un  patrimoine différent de celui constitué par les édifices historiques de  la Corne d’Or (Topkapi, Sainte-Sophie, etc.). Que restera-t-il de cette  année 2010 dans le paysage culturel stambouliote? L’exemple Lillois,  avec l’opération « Lille 3000 », semblerait plaider en faveur d’une  pérennisation des acquis symboliques engrangés à la suite de son année  passée (2004) sous la bannière de la « Capitale européenne de la culture  ». Qu’en sera-t-il à Istanbul où de nombreux projets voient  actuellement le jour?</span> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Témoin privilégié, l’IFEA s’appuie sur son  Observatoire Urbain et sur ses partenaires locaux pour s’engager dans  une étude à court et moyen terme de l’impact généré par « Istanbul 2010  ». Il s’agira d’analyser dans la durée comment les équipements et les  jeux d’acteurs mis en place, ainsi que leurs divers usages locaux et  globaux, évolueront au cours des prochaines années. </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"> </p>\r\n</span></span></span></span></span>\r\n<p><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>- Lundi 14 décembre 2009</strong></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Korhan  Gümüş</span><span><span> a témoigné en tant qu''acteur majeur d''<em>Istanbul  2010, Capitale Européenne de la Culture</em></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span>Korhan Gümüş est architecte. Intellectuel engagé dans la  vie de la Cité, incarnation de la société civile, il est actuellement  directeur de projets urbains pour Istanbul capitale européenne de la  culture 2010. Par ailleurs, il anime un programme hebdomadaire à Açık  Radio à Istanbul et est</span><span> conférencier dans des associations  d’urbanisme. Il publie régulièrement dans des journaux quotidiens turcs  ainsi que dans des revues d’architecture (Arkitera, Domus, Arrademento  Mimarlık, Yapı).</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.istanbul2010.org/index.htm"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #0066cc;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.istanbul2010.org/index.htm</span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span><span><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>- Lundi 11 janvier 2010</strong><br /> <span style="color: #ff6600;">Asu Aksoy</span> (Bilgi  University) et <span style="color: #ff6600;">Orhan Esen</span> ont proposé (en anglais) une analyse croisée d''<em>Istanbul 2010,  Capitale européenne de la culture</em></span></span> </span></span></span></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 72, '2010-04-06 12:35:27', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:35:27', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 243, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(164, 'Séminaires ethno-musicologie', 'seminaires-ethno-musicologie', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1647" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1647'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1647&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1647&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Seminary in ethnomusicology (IFEA) 2010</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<h1 style="font-style: normal;" lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Music and Identity : analysing the musical  construction of Turkey </span></h1>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Monthly cycle of lectures in English.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Organisation: Altu ­ Yılmaz, Nicolas  Elias, Ruben Tenenbaum</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Can Turkish society be understood  through the analysis of its specific musical processes? Whether through  the State Radio network (TRT), the urban scene or local organizations,  resulting either from imposed ideology or civil protest, the presence of  music in the public sphere causes intense discourse on identity and  musical change. By analysing the mechanisms of identity prevailing in  the emergence and categorisation of music, we postulate that there is an  analogy between music and identity, all the more since the / notion of  identity is subject to tenseness. Such an analogy in turn raises a  thorny issue: Is music captive of the identity mechanisms that stage it?</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Through a series of examples, the  object of this seminar is first to decode the construction of the  musical scene of Turkey in order to define its underlying ideological  frameworks (notions of authenticity, purity or tradition; ethnic  identity; multiculturalism…) and then to try and grasp some of the  processes at work in contemporary Turkish society (nationalisation,  regionalisation, urbanisation, state control/opposition of minorities,  “westernisation”…).</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Scheduled lectures: (temporary titles) </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span lang="en-GB">- 6</span><span><span><sup><span lang="en-GB">th</span></sup><span lang="en-GB"> of January: Dr Bülent  Aksoy (Bosphorus University), The Impact of State Radio on Turkish Music  in the Republican Era.</span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span lang="en-GB">- 15</span><span><span><sup><span lang="en-GB">th</span></sup><span lang="en-GB"> of February: Jean  During (CNRS), “The soufi''s musics in Central Asia and Iran".</span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">- March: Turkey in the Istanbul  scene: The path of Kardeş Türküler.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">- April: Glimpses onto Ottoman music,  from an empire of decline to an empire of tolerance</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify" lang="en-GB"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-GB">- May: yet to be defined.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span><span lang="en-GB">\r\n<h1 style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Séminaires d’ethnomusicologie 2010</span></h1>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Musique et identité : analyser la  construction musicale de la Turquie</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Cycle de conférences mensuelles, en  anglais.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Organisateurs : Altu<span lang="tr-TR">ğ Yılmaz, </span>Ruben Tenenbaum<span lang="tr-TR">, </span>Nicolas  Elias</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Peut-on étudier la société turque en  analysant le devenir de ses musiques ? Qu’elle se fasse par le biais de  la radio d’Etat, des scènes urbaines ou d’associations locales, qu’elle  résulte d’une idéologie imposée ou d’une contestation civile, l’entrée  de musiques dans l’ « espace public » est à la fois objet d’un discours  identitaire intense et cause de profonds changements musicaux. En  analysant les ressorts identitaires qui prévalent à l’émergence et à la  catégorisation des musiques, le postulat serait celui d’une analogie  entre musique et identité, d’autant plus étroite que la notion  d’identité est sujette à crispation. Analogie qui pose en retour une  question épineuse : la musique est-elle alors prisonnière des mécanismes  identitaires qui la mettent en scène ? </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">A travers une série d’exemples,  l’objet de ce séminaire serait donc de décrypter la construction du  paysage musical de la Turquie, pour cerner les cadres idéologiques qui  la sous-tendent (notion d’authenticité, de pureté ou de tradition ;  identité ethnique ; multiculturalisme…) et ainsi appréhender certains  processus à l’œuvre dans la société turque contemporaine  (nationalisation, régionalisation, urbanisation, contrôle  étatique/opposition des minorités, « occidentalisation »…).</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<span>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"> </p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">Séances (titres provisoires) :</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span><span>- 6 janvier : <span lang="en-GB">Dr Bülent  Aksoy (Université du Bosphore), The Impact of State Radio on Turkish  Music in the Republican Era.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;" align="justify"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">- 15 février : Jean During (CNRS),  « Les musiques dites soufies en Asie centrale et en Iran  »</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cliquer ici pour<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> voir la </span><a target="_self" href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1755&amp;Itemid=1001"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Conférence en ligne</span></a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span></span></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span> </span></p>\r\n<span> </span><span>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">- Mars : La Turquie sur la scène  d’Istanbul ? Le parcours de Karde<span lang="tr-TR">ş T</span>ürküler</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</span>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">- Avril : Regards sur la musique  ottomane, d’un empire de décadence à un empire de tolérance</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">- Mai : A définir</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n</span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 72, '2010-04-06 12:35:54', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:35:54', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 2, '', '', 0, 238, 'robots=\nauthor=');
INSERT INTO `jos_content` (`id`, `title`, `alias`, `title_alias`, `introtext`, `fulltext`, `state`, `sectionid`, `mask`, `catid`, `created`, `created_by`, `created_by_alias`, `modified`, `modified_by`, `checked_out`, `checked_out_time`, `publish_up`, `publish_down`, `images`, `urls`, `attribs`, `version`, `parentid`, `ordering`, `metakey`, `metadesc`, `access`, `hits`, `metadata`) VALUES
(165, 'Séminaires 2009-2: Les nouveaux acteurs de la production artistique et culturelle', 'seminaires-2009-2-les-nouveaux-acteurs-de-la-production-artistique-et-culturelle', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=877" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=877'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=877&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=877&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Les nouveaux  acteurs de la production artistique et culturelle</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Cours hebdomadaires de <em>Master Cultural  Management</em> à l''Université Bilgi/santralistanbul (2ème semestre). <br /> </span></p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Responsable: <strong>Nora Şeni</strong></span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 72, '2010-04-06 12:36:21', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:36:21', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 3, '', '', 0, 213, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(166, 'Séminaires 2009-1: Les sciences humaines dialoguent avec les arts et la culture', 'seminaires-2009-1-les-sciences-humaines-dialoguent-avec-les-arts-et-la-culture', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=876" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=876'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=876&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=876&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Les sciences  humaines dialoguent avec les arts et la culture</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Séminaires organisés par l''IFEA et le  nouveau <em>Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires sur la culture </em>(CRIC)  de l''Université Mimar Sinan.  Il s''agira de développer les approches  des sciences humaines (</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">histoire, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">anthropologie, littérature, gastronomie, etc.) au  sujet de la production artistique et culturelle contemporaine.  Responsables du programme: Ali Akay (Université Mimar Sinan), Nora Şeni  (IFEA).</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Partciperont à  l''organisation du sémainaire les intervenants suivants:  Ebru B.  Yetişkin, Derya Fırat,  Selva Şahin, Burcu Pelvanoğlu, Azra Tüzünoğlu;  Ender Keskin </span></span></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 72, '2010-04-06 12:36:47', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:36:47', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 4, '', '', 0, 251, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(167, 'Séminaires 2006: Philanthropie, mécénat et politiques culturelles', 'seminaires-2006-philanthropie-mecenat-et-politiques-culturelles', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=875" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=875&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=859" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Philanthropie, mécénat et politiques  culturelles </strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Cette série de séminaires est organisée par  l''Institut Français d''Etudes Anatoliennes avec la collaboration de l''Université Bilgi (Cultural Management - licence),  l''Université Mimar Sinan (Départements de sociologie et de planification urbaine), du « Centre d''Histoire du Domaine Turc » (EHESS/CNRS),</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">sous la responsabilité scientifique de <strong>Nora  Şeni </strong>(Université Paris 8, Institut Français d''Urbanisme).</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>3 avril 2006</strong> : conférence de <strong>Nora  Şeni</strong>, " Philanthropie fille des Lumières ; entre charité et État social. Europe-Empire  ottoman, XIXe siècle. L''empreinte sur la ville ".</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>10 avril 2006</strong> : conférence de <strong>Régine  Hollander</strong> (Université Paris I), « La philanthropie américaine, XIXe-XXe siècles ».</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>17 avril 2006 : </strong>conférence de <strong>Nadir Özbek </strong>(Université du Bosphore, département d''histoire), " Un philanthrope ottoman : Abdulhamid II ".</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>15 mai 2006 </strong>: conférence de <strong>Nuran  Yıldırım</strong> (Université d''Istanbul. Faculté de Médecine) sur " La création de l''asile Istanbul Darülaceze Müessesesi  [Asile pour les handicapés] ".</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>22 mai 2006 </strong>: conférence de Serhan  Ada et de Burcu Yasemin Çavuş (Université Bilgi d''Istanbul, département des arts de la  scène) sur " Résultats d''enquêtes sur les activités de sponsoring dans les  années 2000 en Turquie. Constats et analyses ".</span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 72, '2010-04-06 12:37:09', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:37:09', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 5, '', '', 0, 247, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(168, 'les 22-23 juin 2007 - Colloque:"Les Reinach"', 'les-22-23-juin-2007-colloqueqles-reinachq', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=313" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=313'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=313&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=313&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Colloque  <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">"<span style="color: gray;">Les  Reinach</span>"</span></strong> organisé par <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sophie Basch</span></strong> (Institut universitaire de France,  université de Poitiers) et <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Michel  Espagne</span></strong> (CNRS, École normale supérieure) avec le concours de  l’École française d’Athènes (<strong>Dominique Mulliez</strong>) et de l’Institut  français d’Études anatoliennes (<strong>Pierre Chuvin</strong>) à l''Académie des  Inscriptions et Belles Lettres - l''Institut de France sous le haut  patronage de Jean Leclant, Secrétaire perpétuel de l''A.I.B.I.L.</span>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: #ff6600;">Les Reinach</span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: #ff6600;"></span></p>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Institut  de France</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles  Lettres</span></strong><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">22-23 juin 2007</span></strong></span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Colloque  organisé par <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sophie Basch</span></strong> (Institut universitaire de France, université de Poitiers) et <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Michel Espagne</span></strong> (CNRS, École  normale supérieure)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">avec le  concours de l’École française d’Athènes et de l’Institut français  d’Études anatoliennes.</span></p>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Programme</span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Vendredi 22 juin, matinée,  9h30-12h30</span></strong><strong><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sous la présidence de Jean Leclant,  Secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres</span></strong></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">-  Alexandre Farnoux, professeur à l’université Paris-Sorbonne<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Salomon Reinach ethnologue et  anthropologue</span></em><br /> - Agnès Rouveret, professeur à l’université Paris X<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et la peinture antique</span></em><br /> - Annie Bélis, directrice de recherches au CNRS<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Théodore Reinach et la musique  antique</span></em><br /> - Ève Gran-Aymerich, chercheur auprès de l''Académie des inscriptions et  belles-lettres<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">L’Égypte dans l’œuvre de Salomon et  Adolphe Reinach</span></em><br /> - François de Callatay, directeur d’études à l’ÉPHE <br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Théodore Reinach, entre histoire  ancienne et engagement contemporain</span></em></span></p>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Vendredi  22, après-midi (séance solennelle de l’Académie des Inscriptions et  Belles Lettres), 15h30-17h30</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sous la présidence de Bernard  Pottier, de l’Institut</span></strong></span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">-  Dominique Mulliez, directeur de l’École Française d’Athènes<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et l’École française  d’Athènes</span></em><br /> - Pierre Chuvin, directeur de l’Institut français d’Études anatoliennes<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et l’Empire ottoman</span></em><br /> - André Lemaire, directeur d’études à l’ÉPHE<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et les études sur la  tradition juive</span></em><br /> -Antoine Compagnon, professeur au Collège de France<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Joseph Reinach et Le « Conciones »  français. L’Éloquence française depuis la Révolution jusqu’à nos jours</span></em>,  1894</span></p>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Cocktail,  18h</span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"></span></p>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Samedi  23, matin, 9h30-12h30</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sous la présidence de Pierre Nora,  de l’Académie Française</span></strong></span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">- Roland  Recht, professeur au Collège de France<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Louis Courajod et Salomon Reinach à  l’École du Louvre : deux conceptions de l’histoire de l’art</span></em><br /> - Renate Schlesier, professeur à la Freie Universität de Berlin<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Salomon Reinach et l''anthropologie  moderne de la Grèce ancienne</span></em><br /> - Élisabeth Décultot, directeur de recherche au CNRS<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Salomon et Adolphe Reinach lecteurs  des archéologues allemands</span></em><br /> - Édith Karagiannis-Mazeaud, maître de conférences à l’Université Marc  Bloch, Strasbourg <br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et la Renaissance</span></em><br /> - Michel Espagne, directeur de recherche au CNRS<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">La référence allemande chez Salomon  Reinach</span></em></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Samedi 23, après-midi, 14h30-18h</span></strong><strong><br /> <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sous la présidence de Jean-Denis  Bredin, de l’Académie Française</span></strong></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">- Anne  Couderc, directrice du Département des études grecques modernes et  contemporaines de l’École française d’Athènes<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et la Question d’Orient</span></em><br /> - Georges Tolias, directeur de recherche au FNRS d’Athènes<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les interlocuteurs grecs de Joseph  Reinach</span></em><br /> - Dominique Bourel, directeur de recherche au CNRS<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Reinach et le sionisme</span></em><br /> - Pierre Birnbaum, professeur émérite à l’université Paris I<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">L’affaire Raphaël Lévy</span></em><br /> - Sophie Basch, professeur à l’université de Poitiers, IUF <br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Salomon Reinach, cible de la  renaissance catholique</span></em><br /> - Jacques Le Rider, directeur d’études à l’ÉPHE<br /> <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Freud, lecteur de Salomon Reinach</span></em></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">Comité  scientifique, sous le haut patronage de <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">M. Jean Leclant</span></strong>, Secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie  des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres : <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sophie Basch </span></strong>(Université de Poitiers, IUF), <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Pierre Chuvin</span></strong> (IFEA), <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Michel Espagne</span></strong> (CNRS-ENS), <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dominique Mulliez</span></strong> (EFA).</span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">L’histoire  n’a pas perdu le souvenir des trois frères Reinach, Joseph (1856-1921),  Salomon (1858-1932) et Théodore (1860-1928), surnommés les « frères Je  sais tout » en raison de leur prodigieuse érudition. Si des hommages  ponctuels ont été rendus à chacune de ces personnalités, aucune  manifestation d’ampleur n’a honoré la mémoire de la fratrie dans son  ensemble. Elle couvre tout un pan de la vie intellectuelle, scientifique  et politique, de la IIIe République : Joseph, chef de cabinet de  Gambetta, anti-boulangiste acharné, auteur d’une monumentale Histoire de  l’affaire Dreyfus dont il fut à la fois acteur et témoin ; Théodore,  archéologue, papyrologue, numismate, musicologue, professeur au Collège  de France ; Salomon, normalien, membre de l’École française d’Athènes  puis de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, conservateur du  Musée national des Antiquités de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, auteur d’une  œuvre aussi immense qu’éclectique, pionnier de l’histoire des religions,  remarquable érudit et vulgarisateur, infatigable pilier de la vie  académique et littéraire. Sans oublier le fils de Joseph, Adolphe  Reinach (1887-1914), qui épousa la fille de Mathieu Dreyfus : sa mort au  front priva l’archéologie grecque et l’égyptologie d’une figure  exceptionnelle.</span></p>\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;"><br /> L’historien Théodore était député de Savoie, l’avocat Joseph député de  Digne, l’helléniste et orientaliste Salomon ne cessa de s’intéresser à  la vie politique de son temps. Joseph, le seul qui ne fît pas profession  de sa culture classique, est l’auteur d’un des plus importants Voyage  en Orient de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Théodore confia la  traduction du Contre Apion de Flavius Josèphe à un jeune agrégé de  lettres, professeur au lycée Janson-de-Sailly : Léon Blum. Les trois  frères soutinrent activement l’action de l’Alliance israélite  universelle. Le mélange de la philologie et de la politique apparaît  comme un des traits distinctifs de l’identité de cette famille juive  installée en France, passionnément francophile, mais fidèle aux valeurs  du judaïsme comme aux méthodes de la science germanique. Famille au sens  aussi de famille spirituelle : les frères Reinach, fils d’un banquier  de Francfort installé à Paris dans les années 1840, sont exemplairement  représentatifs de l’ambition totalisante caractérisant les travaux  philologiques des professeurs allemands expatriés qui furent leurs  maîtres en France. La société qu’ils forment à eux seuls n’est pas  exclusive : ils appartiennent à un milieu bien défini, celui des « fous  de la République ». C’est à l’intérieur de ce cadre, indissociable de  leur rayonnement international, que le colloque souhaite resituer  l’œuvre des trois frères. Délaissant les approches trop étroites,  historiens, philologues, hellénistes, orientalistes et historiens de  l’art tenteront de mettre en évidence les croisements incessants entre  les mondes de la science, de la politique et des arts, sans lesquels on  ne peut prendre la mesure des Reinach. </span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 71, '2010-04-06 12:38:03', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:38:03', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 7, '', '', 0, 205, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(169, '30-31/10/08-Symposium: La Constitution monarchique de 1908, l''art et la littérature', '30-311008-symposium-la-constitution-monarchique-de-1908-lart-et-la-litterature', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=874" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=874&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Symposium : « La Constitution monarchique de 1908, l''art et la  littérature»</span><br /> </strong>Symposium organisé par l’Université  Technique de Yıldız, l’Institut Français d’Etudes Anatoliennes et l’UMR  8032- Etudes turques et ottomanes.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>les  30-31 octobre 2008 à l’Auditorium de l’Université Technique de Yıldız  (Beşiktaş)</strong><strong><br /> <a href="http://mesrutiyetvesanat.net/">Voir le site du colloque </a></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 71, '2010-04-06 12:38:23', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:38:23', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 6, '', '', 0, 189, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(170, 'Série de conférences: "On Support"', 'serie-de-conferences-qon-supportq', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=848" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=848'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=848&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=848&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan="2" valign="top"><!-- @page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } -->\r\n<div align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">En collaboration avec <em>Platform Garanti Güncel Sanat</em> et <em>Garanti  Gallery</em>, une série de conférences en anglais est organisée entre décembre 2008 et février 2009 sur le thème “On Support”. <br /> <br /> La notion du support et de son implication dans le dévelopment des pratiques culturelles, artistiques et architecturales y seront discutées. <br /> <br /> Les conférences auront lieu dans la salle de conférence du musée de la Banque Ottomane à Bankalar Caddesi 11, Karaköy.</span></div>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><a href="http://platformgaranti.blogspot.com/2008/12/on-support.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Cliquer pour plus  d''informations</span></a></span></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>', '', 1, 16, 0, 71, '2010-04-06 12:39:00', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:39:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 5, '', '', 0, 201, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(171, '12-13/11/05 Syposium Critique d''Art et de littérature', '12-131105-syposium-critique-dart-et-de-litterature', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=867" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=867&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Critique d’Art et  Littérature/Sanat Eleştirisi ve Edebiyat</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>les 12 et 13 novembre 2005</strong>, symposium  à l’Université technique de Yıldız organisé par l''Institut Français d''Etudes  Anatoliennes et l''Université technique de Yıldız. <br /><em> 12-13 Kasım 2005 tarihlerinde, Fransız Anadolu Araştırmaları Enstitüsü  ve Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi tarafından düzenlenen sempozyum Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi''nde</em></span> <span style="color: #888888;"> gerçekleşecektir.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Responsabilité scientifique-Bilimsel  Sorumlular<br /> Timour Mouhiddine (INALCO) et/ve Bahriye Çeri (Yıldız Teknik  Üniversitesi);</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><br /><strong>12 novembre /  Kasım 2005</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">I.La  critique pré-moderne / Modern dönem öncesi eleştiri<br /><br /> Président de séance </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Doğan Hızlan</strong> (directeur général du groupe  Milliyet-Milliyet Grubu Genel Müdürü)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">• <strong>Polymnia Athanassiadi </strong>(Université  d''Athènes), <br /> "Le regard du critique d’art: de Philostrate à Paul le Silentiaire" <br /> "Sanat eleştirmeninin bakışı: Philostratos''tan Mabeynci Pavlos''a"<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Beşir Ayvazoğlu </strong>(Zaman Gazetesi, journal Zaman)<br /> "Şeyh Galip, que critique de poésie"<br /> "Bir şiir eleştirmeni olarak Şeyh Galip"<br /><br /> •</span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong> Sophie Basch</strong> (Université de Poitiers, Institut Universitaire de  France)<br /> "La chronique d''Orient de l''Art et les Artistes"<br /> "L''Art et les Artistes" dergisinde Doğu dizisi"<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Christophe Balaÿ </strong>( INALCO) <br /> "Poétique de la prose persane moderne: 1946-2006"<br /> " Çağdaş Fars nesirinde nazım unsurları"</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><br /><br /><strong> II.Critique d’art et Littérature / Sanat Eleştirisi ve Edebiyat,</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Président de séance <strong>Enis Batur</strong><br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Duygu Köksal</strong> (Boğaziçi Üniversitesi)<br /> "La critique artistique des débuts de la période républicaine turque et  le modernisme européen "<br /> "Erken Dönem Cumhuriyet Sanatı''nda Eleştiri ve Avrupa Modernizmi"<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Christine Peltre</strong> (Université de Strasbourg)<br /> "L''art islamique en France au XIXe siècle : la constitution d''un  discours critique<br /> " XIX. yüzyılda Fransa''da İslam sanatı: eleştirel bir söylemin oluşturulması" <br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Stéphane Hirschi </strong>(Université de Valenciennes)<br /> "La figure de l''odalisque telle qu''Aragon la commente dans Henri  Matisse, roman"<br /> "Henri Matisse, roman" adlı eserde Aragon''un yorumladığı şekliyle "odalık" (cariye) karakteri"<br /><br /> •</span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong> Bahriye Çeri</strong> (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi)<br /> "Nahit Sırrı Örik et la critique d''art"<br /> "Nahit Sırrı Örik ve sanat eleştirisi"<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Michèle Aquien</strong> (Université de Créteil)<br /> "La critique d''art dans À Rebours"<br /> "A Rebours''da sanat eleştirisi"</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>III.Le Surréalisme au  Proche-Orient / Orta Doğu’da Gerçeküstücülük</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Président de séance Polymnia Athanassiadi</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">• <strong>Timour Mouhiddine (</strong>INALCO)<br /> "Pour un surréalisme alla turca: la lettre d''André Breton"<br /> " Ala turka bir gerçeküstücülük lehine: André Breton''un mektubu" <br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Marc Kober </strong>(Paris XIII)<br /> "Le Surréalisme en Égypte"<br /> "Mısır''da gerçeküstücülük"<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Süha Oğuzertem </strong>(Bilkent Üniversitesi)<br /> "De la sociologie à l''historicité dans la critique d''art"<br /> "Edebiyat eleştirisinde Sosyolojiden Tarihselliğe"</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>IV.La nouvelle  critique / Yeni eleştiri </strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Président de séance <strong>Sophie Basch </strong>(Université  de Poitiers, Institut Universitaires de France)<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Füsun Akatlı </strong>(Doğuş Üniversitesi)<br /> "Sur la possibilité de fonder la critique littéraire comme la question philosophique"<br /> "Bir Felsefe Sorusu Olarak Edebiyat Eleştirisinin  Temellendirilebilirliği Üzerine"<br /><br /> •</span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong> Pierre Chuvin</strong> (IFEA)<br /> "L’Orientalisme selon Edward Saïd"<br /> "Edward Said''in bakışıyla oryantalizm"<br /><br /> • </span> <span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Cemren Altan</strong> (Bilkent Üniversitesi)<br /> " Le métier de critique d''art au sein des identités plurielles"<br /> " Çoğul kimlikler içinde Sanat Eleştirmenliği"</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Discussion générale / Genel Tartışma</span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 71, '2010-04-06 12:39:34', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:39:34', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 4, '', '', 0, 226, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(172, 'Projet 2009: Appropriations et Réinterprétations du Républicanisme France/Turquie', 'projet-2009-appropriations-et-reinterpretations-du-republicanisme-franceturquie', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;">Projet 2009: Appropriations et Réinterprétations du  Républicanisme France/Turquie</span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1208" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1208&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=860" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Projet de colloque organisé dans le cadre  de <strong>2009, la saison turque en France</strong>, porté par  l''Institut Français d''Etudes Anatoliennes en partenariat avec l’ETO (équipe Etudes  Turques et Ottomanes), Univ. Bahçesehir, Univ. Marmara.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">L''objet de ce colloque est de sensibiliser à  l’ampleur de l’influence des idées et des institutions françaises sur  <st1:personname productid="la Turquie" w:st="on">la Turquie</st1:personname>, en  particulier le système et les mentalités politiques .</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Cet héritage a été réinterprété au fil des  ans en Turquie pour aboutir aujourd’hui à des pratiques et à un habitus  politique singuliers qu’il s’agit de mieux faire comprendre.</span></p>\r\n<span style="color: #888888;"> Le colloque aura lieu en  France en fin janvier 2010.Les thèmes suivants seront traités : </span>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Une lecture ottomane du positivisme, la  minorité impossible ou le regard constitutionnel, la laïcité turque, la  nation élective à la française, les mutations du système administratif  turc</span></p>\r\n<span style="color: #888888;"> les  étapes de l’émancipation des non musulmans, les musées de <st1:personname productid="la R￩publique" w:st="on">la République, l</st1:personname>’Ecole  francophone, la grande muette? Armée et politique, les nouveaux acteurs  de la vie civile. </span><br />', '', 1, 16, 0, 71, '2010-04-06 12:40:10', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:40:10', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 3, '', '', 0, 176, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(173, 'NORA SENI éds. Les actes du colloque: "Philantropes et Mécènes dans la ville"', 'nora-seni-edsles-actes-du-colloque-qphilantropes-et-mecenes-dans-la-ville', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%">NORA SENI éds. Les actes du colloque: "Philantropes et  Mécènes dans la ville"</td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=885" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=885&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=873" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">A PARAITRE </span></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial; color: #ff6600;"><span style="color: #999999;">Les  actes du colloque</span> </span><em><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial; color: #ff6600;">Philanthropes  et Mécènes dans la ville. Pour une politique culturelle contemporaine</span></em></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: gray;">, colloque  organisé sous la responsabilité scientifique de Nora Şeni au Musée de  Péra et à santralistanbul . </span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:41:02', 62, '', '2010-10-11 15:43:09', 292, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:41:02', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 10, '', '', 0, 227, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(174, 'NORA SENI La demeure d''un collectionneur', 'nora-seni-la-demeure-dun-collectionneur', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=886" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=886&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Nora Şeni et Sophie Tarnec, "D''Istanbul à Paris",  dans <em>La demeure d''un  collectionneur</em>, Livre publié sous la direction de</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Marie-Noel de Gary, Musée Nissim de Camondo,  Edition Les Arts Décoratifs, octobre 2007.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Cet ouvrage est le premier à présenter dans  leur globalité les éléments qui font du musée Nissim de Camondo un lieu singulier. Cet  hôtel particulier, construit par René Sergent sur le modèle du Petit Trianon à Versailles, est l''un des ultimes exemples de grande résidence privée  parisienne du début du XXe siècle.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Précieux témoignage d''un art de vivre à la  française cultivé jusqu''à son plus haut raffinement, il est l''écrin de la remarquable  collection de mobilier et d''objets d''art du XVIIIe siècle rassemblée par le comte  Moïse de Camondo et, plus encore peut-être, le témoin du destin exceptionnel et  tragique d''une famille.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Richement illustré, ce livre invite à une  visite intime, poétique et sensible du musée. Les photographies de Jean-Marie del  Moral, toujours en lumière naturelle, révèlent au rythme des heures et des  saisons le caractère de chacune des pièces et les œuvres qui les habitent.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Biographie des auteurs: Sous la direction de  Marie-Noël DE GARY, conservatrice générale du musée Nissim de Camondo. François LOYER  est vice-président de la Commission du Vieux Paris, directeur du département Histoire de l''architecture et Archéologie de Paris. Bertrand RONDOT est conservateur du patrimoine, chargé du département XVIIe et XVIIIe  siècles du musée des Arts décoratifs et des collections du musée Nissim de Camondo.  Sophie LE TARNEC est assistante de conservation au musée Nissim de Camondo,  chargée des archives de la famille Camondo. Nora SENI, directeur de l’Institut  Français d’Etudes Anatoliennes. Jean-Marie DEL MORAL, photographe, travaille  depuis longtemps autour des peintres, de leurs ateliers et de l''architecture.</span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:41:17', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:41:17', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 9, '', '', 0, 163, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(175, 'NORA SENI: Les acteurs contemporains de la politique urbaine', 'nora-seni-les-acteurs-contemporaines-de-la-politique-urbaine', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=898" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=898&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=873" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Nora Şeni,<span style="color: #ff6600;"> <a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_haber.php?ek=r2&haberno=7911" target="_self">"Çağdaş Kent politikasının aktörleri"</a> </span>, <em>Radikal2</em>,  20 Ocak 2008.</span></span></span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:41:50', 62, '', '2010-10-11 15:42:09', 292, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:41:50', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 8, '', '', 0, 230, 'robots=\nauthor=');
INSERT INTO `jos_content` (`id`, `title`, `alias`, `title_alias`, `introtext`, `fulltext`, `state`, `sectionid`, `mask`, `catid`, `created`, `created_by`, `created_by_alias`, `modified`, `modified_by`, `checked_out`, `checked_out_time`, `publish_up`, `publish_down`, `images`, `urls`, `attribs`, `version`, `parentid`, `ordering`, `metakey`, `metadesc`, `access`, `hits`, `metadata`) VALUES
(176, 'NORA SENI: Ville/Culture:un nouveau paradigme', 'nora-seni-villecultureun-nouveau-paradigme', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=903" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=903&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan="2" valign="top">\r\n<p align="right"><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p>Yeni bir paradigma</p>\r\n<p>http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_haber.php?ek=r2&amp;haberno=6938</p>\r\n<table style="width: 2px;" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_sayfa.php?ek=r2&amp;ek_tarihi=08/04/2007">08/04/2007 <em> RADIKAL</em></a></p>\r\n<p>NORA ŞENİ (<a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/arama.php?ara=1&amp;y=3&amp;edi=NORA%20%C5%9EEN%C4%B0" title="NORA ŞENİ tarafından yazılan diğer haberler">Arşivi</a>)</p>\r\n<p align="right">Tate''in şubesi, Tate  Modern Çağdaş Sanat Müzesi.</p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<table style="width: 809px; height: 229px;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Yeni bir paradigma</strong>\r\n<p><strong>Günümüzde kentsel projeyi  başarıya ulaştırmanın bir garantisi, kurulacak  			kültür mekânının halihazırda varolan ünlü bir müzenin şubesi olması.  			Diğer koşul ise projede uluslararası şöhretli mimar adları olması</strong></p>\r\n<table style="width: 160px;" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2"></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2"></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_sayfa.php?ek=r2&amp;ek_tarihi=08/04/2007">08/04/2007</a></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><em><strong>NORA ŞENİ</strong></em> (<a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/arama.php?ara=1&amp;y=3&amp;edi=NORA%20%C5%9EEN%C4%B0" title="NORA ŞENİ tarafından yazılan diğer haberler">Arşivi</a>)</p>\r\nTürkiye 			basının da geçtiğimiz ay içinde sıkça sözünü ettiği Louvre Müzesi''nin 			Abu Dabi Saadiyat adasında bir "şube" kurması, aynı adada Louvre 			dışında yeni bir Guggenheim''ın açılması, artı iki kültür kompleksi 			kurulması, projede, müzecilik mimarisinde dünyaca en ünlü dört  mimarın 			etkin olması (Tadao Ando, Franck Gehry, Jean Nouvel, Zaha Hadid) yeni 			bir kültür/kent paradigmasının varlığını, bu paradigmanın  küreselliğini 			sergiliyor. Bu paradigmayı şöyle tanımlamak mümkün: Gelişmek, 			görünürlük elde etmek isteyen bir şehir, yeni merkezler yaratmak 			isteyen, mekânsal odaklar oluşturmak, yeni kamusal alanlar kurmak 			isteyen bir kent, bu yolda oluşturduğu mimari/kentsel dönüşüm 			projesinin başarısı için o projenin merkezine ünlü bir müzeyi 			yerleştirmek ya da bir sanat eserleri sergi alanı oluşturmak  durumunda. 			Kurulacak müze, kentsel dönüşüm projesinin eksenini oluşturacaktır. 			80''li yıllarda yeni mahalleler, yeni uydu kentler oluşturulurken 			kentsel projelere eksen olarak, kamusal alan yaratacaklarına  güvenilen 			ticaret merkezleri kurulurdu, Amerikalıların deyimiyle ''mall''lar inşa 			edilirdi. Ticari alışverişe mekânsal animasyonun aleti olarak  bakıldığı 			yıllardı. Bugün mall''un yerini "müze" aldı. Burada Andy Warhol''un 			sözünü hatırlamamak mümkün değil: "Bir gün bütün süpermarketler müze, 			bütün müzeler süpermarket olacak". 			<br /> Kentsel projeyi başarıya ulaştırmanın bir garantisi, kurulacak 			kültür mekânının halihazırda varolan ünlü bir müzenin şubesi olması. 			Buna en iyi örnek Londra''da Thames kıyısında, unutulmuş, 			periferikleşmiş eski dok mahallesinde, Bankside''da, terk edilmiş bir 			elektrik fabrikasında Tate Britain''in şubesi olarak Tate Modern  Çağdaş 			Sanat Müzesi''nin kurulması. Tate Modern''in yerleşim projesi 			çerçevesinde Bankside eski karakterleri muhafaza da edilerek 			temizlendi, sinematek buraya taşındı, muhteşem bir konser salonu, 			işyerleri, bürolar kuruldu, Shakespeare''in tiyatrosu olarak bilinen 			Globe tiyatrosunu Thames''in diğer yakasına, Londra''nın merkezine 			bağlayan yeni bir köprü inşa edildi. Fransa''nın taşra kenti Lens''da  bir 			Louvre şubesi, eski sanayi kenti Metz''de bir Pompidou Çağdaş Sanat 			Müzesi şubesi açılıyor. 			<br /> Terk edilmiş sanayi komplekslerine müze yerleştirilmesine bir 			başka örnek de, -ama başarısız- Paris''te, şimdi içleri boş Citroen 			fabrikalarının bulunduğu Seguin adasını yeniden Paris''e bağlayan 			kentsel dönüşüm projesidir. İhaleye açılan bu proje Fransa''nın en 			zengin işadamı François Pinault''nun çağdaş sanat koleksiyonlarını, 			adada kurulacak bir müzeye bağışlamayı vaat etmesiyle canlanır. 			Pinault''nun müzeye mimar olarak ünlü Tadao Ando''yu seçmesi projeye ek 			bir görünürlük sağlar. (Kentsel yetkililerin, devletin yeterince  hızlı 			hareket etmediklerini gerekçe gösteren Pinault 2005''te  koleksiyonlarını 			hibe etmekten vazgeçer ve onları Venedik''de Agnelli ailesinden -Fiat- 			satın aldığı Palazzo Grassi''de sergiler.) 			<br />\r\n<p><strong>Şöhretli mimar etkisi</strong> <br /> İşte sözünü ettiğim paradigmanın birinci elemanı eğer kentsel 			projenin müze kurulmasını öngörme zorundalığı ise, ikinci elemanı da  bu 			müzenin uluslararası şöhrete sahip bir mimara yaptırılması. Bunun 			mükemmel örneği Bilbao. İspanya''nın bu az bilinen şehrinin dönüşüm 			projesi bir türlü hayata geçirilemiyorken New York''taki Salomon 			Guggenheim Vakfı''nın Bilbao''da müze açmaya karar vermesiyle ve Franck 			Gehry''nin müzenin mimarı olacağının ilan edilmesiyle gayrimenkul 			fiyatları fırlar, yatrırımcılar akın eder, proje sonuna kadar 			götürülür, kent bir turizm patlaması yaşar. 			<br /> Bu yeni kent/kültür, mekânsal-dönüşüm/müze eklemlenmeleri yeni bir 			aktörü sahne önüne itiyor: Mesenler, aileleri ve kurdukları kültür 			vakıfları. Bunlar paradigmanın üçüncü elemanıdırlar. Bu aktörler 19.  yy 			sonunda, 20. yy başında Amerika''da (Carnegie, Rockefeller, Salomon 			Guggenheim vs.) Avrupa''da (Tate, Camondo, Cernuschi) kütüphane ve  müze 			kurmakta çok aktif oldular. 20. yy''da devletin sosyal  fonksiyonlarının 			geliştiği ülkelerde ise bu rolleri iyice azaldı, yok olmaya yüz  tuttu. 			1990''lardan beri ise mesen kaynaklı inisiyatiflerin rolü yeniden ve 			kuvvetle canlanıyor. Fransa gibi devlet kültür politikalarının hâlâ  çok 			kuvvetli olduğu bir ülkede bile özel mesenlerin rolü arttı, François 			Pinault gibi, Bernard Arnault (Vuitton) gibi  koleksiyoncu/bağışçı/müze 			kurucusu işadamları ortaya çıktı. Bu kez, bu uluslararası mesenler 			topluluğuna Turkiye''den de katılanlar mevcuttur. Elit burjuva olmanın 			gerektirdiği "davranış tarzları" (antropolojik anlamda) birer küresel 			norm olarak Türkiye elitlerini de belirliyor, bu "davranış 			standartları" bu kesimlerce benimseniyor, koleksiyocu, bağışçı, müze 			kurucusu aktörler sivriliyor. Yeni müzelerin kentsel dönüşüme etkisi 			olduğu muhakkak. Ancak bu etkileşim şimdilik herhangi bir 			mekânsal/kültürel düşünce çerçevesi, vizyonu ya da planı ya da  projesi 			dahilinde ele alınmıyor. Oysa bir İstanbul Modern''in, Pera  Müze''sinin, 			Sabancı Müzesi sergilerinin, Santral İstanbul''un, içinde olduklari 			mekânları yenileme, dönüştürme potansiyelleri devasa. <br /> Yukarıda ancak temas edebildiğim paradigmanın ortaya çıkış 			koşulları, elemanları arasındaki ilişkiler; kompleks tarihsel, siyasi 			nedensellik sistemlerine dayanır. Bunların araştırılması,  anlaşılması, 			spesifik ülke şartlarındaki eklemleniş tarzlarının açığa çıkarılması 			yeni potansiyellerin değerlendirilebilmesi için elzemdir.  Küreselleşen 			kültür tüketim/üretim standartlarını, kültürün yeni toplumsal rolünü, 			kültür politikalarını ve yeni aktörlerini, kültürün kent  dönüşümündekj 			yerini, kentsel/kültürel projelerde özel/kamu işbölümlerini  sorgulamak 			acildir.</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<a href="javascript:history.go(-1)"> [ Retour ]</a>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:42:19', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:42:19', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 7, '', '', 0, 226, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(177, 'NORA SENI Dinî sadakadan modern hayirseverlige', 'nora-seni-dini-sadakadan-modern-hayirseverlige', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1058" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1058'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1058&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1058&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Tahoma;"><strong>Dini  sadakadan modern hayırseverliğe</strong></span> </span>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<table style="width: 160px;" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif,geneva,helvetica;"><img src="http://www.radikal.com.tr/veriler/ekler/cumartesi/2005/08/13/dini.gif" alt="Dini sadakadan modern hayırseverliğe" width="160" align="right" border="0" height="106" /> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif,geneva,helvetica;"> Nora Şeni, 19. yüzyılda İstanbul''un kentleşmesinde önemli rol oynayan 			Kamondo Ailesi''nin adını taşıyan Karaköy''deki merdivenlerde.  FOTOĞRAF: <a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/arama.php?ara=1&amp;y=4&amp;foto=SERKAN%20TAYCAN">SERKAN  TAYCAN</a><br /> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><strong>Fransa''da yayımlanan Yahudi Hayırseverliğinin Mucitleri adlı kitabında 19. yüzyıldaki hayırseverleri anlatan Nora Şeni, şimdi de sanat ve kültür hamisi Türk burjuvalarının elit olmak adına neler yaptıklarını araştırıyor </strong></span></span></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><em>RADIKAL</em> 13/08/2005</p>\r\n<p>http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_haber.php?ek=cts&amp;haberno=4896</p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray;"><a href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_sayfa.php?ek=cts&amp;ek_tarihi=13/08/2005">13/08/2005</a> </span> </span></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><em><strong>ŞULE  ÇİZMECİ</strong></em></span></p>\r\n<br /> </span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Tahoma;"></span></span><br /> <br />\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;">Paris 8  Üniversitesi öğretim üyesi Nora Şeni''nin Yahudi Hayırseverliğinin Mucitleri / Les Inventeurs de la Philanthropie Juive adlı kitabının Fransa''nın en büyük yayınevlerinden biri olan La Martiniere tarafından yayımlandığını öğrenince, Nora Şeni''nin izini sürmek farz oldu. Şeni ile Türkiye''de son yıllarda sanata ve kültüre destek veren ''hayırsever'' Türk burjuvazisinin profili hakkında konuşmak istedik çünkü. 30 yıldır akademik çalışmalarını Fransa''da sürdüren Prof. Dr. Nora Şeni''nin uzmanlık alanı 19. yüzyıl İstanbulu. Şeni, dördüncü kitabı Yahudi Hayırseverliğinin Mucitleri''nde 1840-1860 yılları arasında filizlenen kişisel hayırseverlik olgusunu (kurumsal hayırseverlik 1860''lardan sonra gelişiyor), sosyal rol ve elit olmanın bir kuralı olarak yerleştirenlerin hikâyelerini ele alıyor. <br /> Tarihçilere has bir koku alma yetisiyle yola çıkan Şeni, Türk burjuvazisinin neden 1980 sonrası hayırsever bir tutum izlediğini ve son birkaç yıldır sanatın ve kültürün hamisi haline geldiğini anlamamıza ışık tutacak bir çalışmanın alt yapısını oluşturmuş bu çalışmasında. Sosyal sorumluluk ilkesini Osmanlı''da ilk uygulayan mucitlerin peşine düşmüş yazar; kitaba konu olan Yahudi hayırseverler, günümüz sponsorlarının <br /> ''baba''ları. Şeni''nin üzerinde durduğu bir başka olgu ise dinsel yardımlaşmadan (sadaka) laik insan sevgisine dayalı hayırseverliğe nasıl geçildiği... <br /> </span>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,Verdana,MS Sans Serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: maroon;"><strong>Amaç  Yahudiler''i korumaktı</strong></span> <br /> Şeni, hayırseverlik olgusunun bir modernite aracı olduğu görüşünde. Toplumun belirli kesimlerini zamanın çağdaşlığına taşıyan önemli bir faktör. "18. yüzyıl eğer aydınlanma hareketinin çağı ise, 19. yüzyıl hayırseverlik çağıdır. Elitlerin sosyal ''borç''larıyla, toplumla dayanışmalarını ifade ediş biçimleri zaman içinde farklı biçimler alır. 19. yüzyılda hayırseverlik olgusu toplumun laikleşmesiyle, dinin kurum olarak zayıflamaya başlamasıyla ortaya çıkan şekillerden biri. 19. yüzyılın sonunda ise hayırseverlik yerini sanat ve bilim koleksiyonculuğuna ve bağışçılığa terk eder, hayırseverler müze kurucuları olur. 19. yüzyılın sonunda artık Avrupa burjuvazisi için sanat hamisi olmadan burjuva olmak yok." <br /> Yahudi Hayırseverliğinin Mucitleri''nde, Yahudi hayırseverliğinin başlamasına önayak olan bir olay tasvir ediliyor. 1840''da Osmanlı yönetiminde, Mehmet Ali Paşa''nın kontrolündeki Şam''dayız. Bir papaz kaybolur, ardından Yahudiler tarafından kanı Paskalya törenlerinde kullanılmak üzere kaçırıldığı tevatür edilir. Olay, Fransız konsolosunun kışkırtmasıyla büyür. 20 Yahudi hapsedilir ve bunlardan ikisi işkence sırasında ölünce Avrupalı Yahudiler işe karışır. Altı kişiden oluşan bir delegasyon oluşur; bunların üçü banker, üçü şarkiyatçıdır. Şeni, bu olayın ardından Avrupalı Yahudilerin yeni bir davranış biçimi geliştirdiklerini, zulüm gören Yahudilerin korunmasını kamusal alanda gütmeye başladıklarını söylüyor: "Asimile olmuş, Fransızlaşmış Yahudiler eğitime yönelik çalışmalara başlarlar. Osmanlı topraklarındaki Yahudi cemaatlerinde de Fransızca ve Türkçe eğitim veren okullar açılır. Bu okullar, 1860''lardan Birinci Dünya Savaşı''na kadar eğitim verdiler." <br /> Kitapta şarkiyatçı üç hayırseverin portresini betimleyen, Osmanlı''da Rum ve Yahudi hayırseverliğini kıyaslayan Şeni, hayırseverlik konusunda Rumların milli bilinç geliştirici, Yahudilerin ise önceliği evrenselliğe verdiklerini ileri sürüyor. Hayırseverlik söz konusu olunca neden azınlıklar öne çıkıyor? Neden Müslümanlar ortada yok? Bu durum sadece Osmanlı''da değil, Cumhuriyet kurulduktan sonra da geçerli. Söz Şeni''de: "Avrupa''da sosyal devlet kurulduktan sonra hayırseverlik ortadan kalkıyor. Bugünün Türkiye''sinde ise devletin eksik kaldığı yerde hayırseverler var." <br /> Şeni''nin yeni projesi Türkiye''nin ''modern hayırseverler''i üzerine. Eczacıbaşı, Sabancı, Koç, Has, Şahenk gibi son yıllarda sanata ve kültüre damgasını vurmuş ailelerin girişimlerini, projelerine diğer aktörlerin nasıl katıldığını araştıracak tarihçi, sosyolog ve şehircilerden oluşacak bir ekip kurmak için Türkiye''ye geldi. Şeni, bu ailelerin neden eğitim, kültür ve sanat hamiliğine şimdi yöneldiklerini araştıracak: "Bunlar anlaşılırsa hayırseverlik olgusunun Türkiye''de neden bir yüzyıl sonra ortaya çıktığı, ''burjuvazi vardı, yoktu'' gibi basitlemeler aşılarak açıklanabilir. Ben bunları Türk burjuvazisinin nihayet dünya burjuvazisine eklemlendiğinin işareti, kanıtı olarak okuyorum. Dünya elitlerinin bir parçası olacaklarsa onların geliştirdiği var olma biçim ve standartlarını uygulamak zorundalar, eğitim ve kültürde bir tür rol oynamak zorundalar. Bunu Eczacıbaşılar gibi 30-40 yıl önce anlamış olanların yanı sıra bu bilince daha yeni ulaşanlar var." </span></p>\r\n</span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:43:07', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:43:07', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 6, '', '', 0, 370, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(178, 'KORHAN GÜMÜS: Que symbolise le Musée de la Conquête', 'korhan-guemues-que-symbolise-le-musee-de-la-conquete', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1369" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1369'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1369&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1369&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Göğüslere saplanan oklar, kesilmiş kol ve kafalar, topların yıktığı duvarlar altında ezilen insanlarla, çocuklara verilmeye çalışılan mesaj ne olabilir?</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="http://www.yapi.com.tr/Haberler/fetih-muzesi-neyi-simgeliyor_69492.html" target="_self" title="Fetih müzesi neyi simgeliyor">Korhan Gümüs,  Radikal, 31 Mayis 2009</a></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:43:33', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:43:33', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 5, '', '', 0, 232, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(179, 'KLAUS KREISER Sternstunden des türkischen Patriotismus', 'klaus-kreiser-sternstunden-des-tuerkischen-patriotismus', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1370" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1370'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1370&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1370&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<div><span style="color: #888888;">28. Mai 2009, Neue Zürcher Zeitung</span></div>\r\n<div><span style="color: #888888;">KLAUS KREISER <a href="http://www.nzz.ch/nachrichten/kultur/aktuell/sternstunden_des_tuerkischen_patriotismus_1.2636859.html" target="_self">Sternstunden des türkischen Patriotismus</a></span></div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<h1></h1>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:43:55', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:43:55', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 4, '', '', 0, 297, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(180, 'Article de Nora Seni, revue Urbanisme (décembre 2009)', 'article-de-nora-seni-revue-urbanisme-decembre-2009', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=1665" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td align="right" width="100%"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1665&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=873" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><img src="images/stories/oui/urbanismevillemdit1.jpg" alt="urbanismevillemdit1" style="margin: 5px; width: 120px; height: 159px; float: left;" title="urbanismevillemdit1.jpg" width="120" height="159" /><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Parution d''un article de <strong>Nora Şeni</strong></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">dans  le dernier numéro (369) de la revue <strong>Urbanisme</strong> (novembre/ décembre 2009).</span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">Il  est intitulé <em>Une métropole promue par sa politique culturelle...  privée</em>,</span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">et  figure en bonne place dans le dossier consacré aux <em>Villes  méditerranéennes</em>.</span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">Pour  accéder au sommaire, visiter le site :</span> </span></span><a href="http://www.urbanisme.fr/"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">www.urbanisme.fr</span></a></p>\r\n<br />\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><img src="images/stories/oui/actualitesurbaines/revue_urbanisme1.jpg" alt="revue_urbanisme1" style="margin: 5px; width: 750px; height: 1115px; vertical-align: bottom;" title="revue_urbanisme1.jpg" width="750" height="1115" /></p>\r\n<p><img src="images/stories/oui/actualitesurbaines/revueurbanisme21.jpg" alt="revueurbanisme21" style="margin: 5px; width: 750px; height: 1173px; vertical-align: bottom;" title="revueurbanisme21.jpg" width="750" height="1173" /></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:44:13', 62, '', '2010-10-11 15:39:33', 292, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:44:13', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 3, '', '', 0, 254, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(181, 'Article sur Nora Seni dans Radikal (11 mars 2010)', 'article-sur-nora-seni-dans-radikal-11-mars-2010', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1802" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1802&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan="2" valign="top">\r\n<p><strong>Kültürlerarası</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>NECMİYE ALPAY, </strong><strong>Politika / 11/03/2010</strong></p>\r\nDünyada yaşayan dil sayısının 6 bine yakın  olduğunu, yüzyıl sonuna kadar bunlardan büyük bir bölümünün ölüp...Dünyada yaşayan dil sayısının 6 bine yakın  olduğunu, yüzyıl sonuna kadar bunlardan büyük bir bölümünün ölüp gitmiş  olacağını hemen herkes ezberledi ve her fırsatta tekrarlıyor. Bu  dillerden bazılarının şuracıkta yaşamakta olduğu gerçeğiyle ilgilenmek  isteyen kaç kişi, hatta kaç dilci var peki?<br /> Kitap Çevirmenleri Meslek Birliği Çevbir, “Anadolu Dilleri  Söyleşileri”ne devam ediyor.  6 Mart Cumartesi günü yapılan ikinci  söyleşide, anadilleri Lazca, Gürcüce ve Çerkezce olan konuşmacıları  dinledik. Zaman sınırı olmasa, yirmi dört saat konuşabilecek gibiydi  küçük salon. <br /> Gerçi tıpkı aile içi ilişkiler gibi, diller arası ilişkiler de  aşk-nefret sarmalına son derece elverişli. En sevecen anlardan en  gerginine bir anda geçilebiliyor. Belki de insanların birbirine  yaklaştığı bütün durumlardaki gibi, demeliyim. Diyaloğun tam da böyle  bir şey olduğunu bilmek gerekiyor belki: Bir araya gelinmese, diğer  bilgiler kadar, içimize neyin işlemiş olduğu, gerginlik yaratan  temellerin neler olduğunu da yakından göremeyeceğiz...<br /> Söyleşilerin devamı ve  diğer çeviri/dil sorunlarıyla ilgili olarak:<br /> <a href="http://www.cevbir.org/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">www.cevbir.org</span></a><br /> *<br /> ABD’li şair Mel Kenne’den, İngilizcesi ve Türkçesiyle şiirler. Kitabın  adı “Galata’dan (The View from Galata)”. İlk selam Orhan Veli’ye:  “İstanbul’u Dinliyorum Bugün”...<br /> Her ikidilli kitap bize bambaşka bir ufuk genişliği sunar. Sol sayfada  özgün dil, sağ sayfada çevirisi. Dünyayı ve bir başka dili öğrenmeye  çalışan her çocuğa böyle bir tanecik olsun kitap armağan edilmeli. Çok  sayıda yazarın kurmaca yapıtlarını Türkçe-Kürtçe olarak yayımlayan Lîs  Yayınları’nın da böyle bir etkide bulunabileceğini sanıyorum. <br /> *<br /> “İki Dil Bir Bavul”: Dil babında toplumumuzun durumuna ilişkin temel bir  kavrayış sağlayan güzelim film. Birinci sınıf bir sanat eseri olduğunda  herkes hemfikir. <br /> Geçenlerde, “İki Dil Bir Bavul”un anneannesi diyebileceğim bir film  gördük: Nora Şeni’nin “Ya Pazarları?” adlı, 1976 tarihli kısa filmi  (26’). İstanbul’daki Fransız Kültür Merkezi’nde, “İstanbul 2010”  programı çerçevesinde düzenlenen ve Fransa’ya işçi göçünü konu alan bir  konferansla aynı bağlam içinde gösterildi.<br /> Adında “bavul” sözcüğü olmasa da, ilk sahnelerde devreye giren bavul ve  filmin meselesinde belirleyici bir boyut olan dil sorunuyla, “İki Dil  Bir Bavul”un yakın akrabası bu film. Bu kez, emek parası için doğuya  değil, batıya giden bir yalnız genç adam söz konusu: 1970’li yıllarda  Fransa’da çalışmaya giden işçilerden biri. Film, genç bir işçinin peşine  düşerek, sömürü ilişkisinin yanı sıra nasıl da dramatik bir  kültürel-dilsel karşılaşmanın yaşandığını gösteriyor.<br /> “Göstermek” fiili burada bütün görkemiyle devrede; filmde çok az konuşma  var, yönetmen bize her şeyi görsel yoldan, olanca ağırlığıyla anlatmayı  başarıyor. Bence bir klasik.<br /> Çok çeşitli bağlamlarda gösterilebilecek bir film “Ya Pazarları?”: Dil  sorununun öne çıktığı tüm ortamları, işçileri ve genel olarak  kültürlerarası karşılaşmaları ilgilendireceği kadar, sinemaseverler için  de vazgeçilmez bir yapıt.<br /> Şeni, 1970’li yıllarda Fransa’da öğrenciyken yapmış bu filmi.  Yaşamöyküsünde, belgeseller yapmaya devam ettiği yazılı.<br /> *<br /> Prof. Dr. Nora Şeni’yi daha önce yazıları ve kitap boyu çalışmalarıyla  tanımıştı kamuoyu: “Emperyalist Sistemde Kontrol Sanayii”, “Marie ve  Marie”, “Camondolar (Sophie Le Tarnec ile birlikte)”, “Seni Unutursam  İstanbul”. Birkaç ay önce de “Oryantalizm ve Hayırseverliğin İttifakı”  adlı çalışması yayımlandı. <br /> Fransızca yazılıp Türkçeye Elif Ertan tarafından çevrilen kitapta,  ‘sadaka-yardım-sosyal  yardım-yardımseverlik-insanseverlik-hayırseverlik-kurumsal/bireysel  filantropi’ gibi birbirine yakın bir dizi <br /> kavram, tarihsel gelişimi içinde ve Yahudi filantropisi çerçevesinde ele  alınıyor. “Balık vermek yerine balık tutmayı öğretmek” meselini de  çağrıştıran teze göre, hayırseverlik (filantropi), aydınlanmayla  birlikte laik bir nitelik kazanan yardımseverlik türüdür.<br /> Kitap, Parisli Yahudi hayırseverlerle şarkiyatçılardan oluşan altı  kişilik bir kadronun, 1840’ta patlak veren “Şam Hadisesi”yle ilgili  yolculuğuna odaklanarak başlıyor. “İnsanseverlik mi, Sosyal Devlet mi?  Sultan II. Abdülhamid’e Göre Hayırseverlik” gibi başlıkları da kapsayan  aydınlatıcı veriler ve sorgulamalarla devam ediyor. AKP’nin seçim  yatırımı olduğu ileri sürülen kömür ve beyaz eşya dağıtımını vb  düşününce, güncel boyutu da olan tartışmalar bunlar. <br /> Şeni birkaç yıldır, önde gelen kültürlerarası kurumlardan birinin  başkanlığını yapıyor: <br /> Geçen hafta sözünü ettiğim “İslam’ın Psikanalizi” başlıklı konferans  gibi pek çok konferans ve seminerin de düzenleyicisi olan İstanbul  Fransız Anadolu Araştırmaları Enstitüsü (IFEA):<br /> <a href="..//"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">www.ifea-istanbul.net</span></a> <br /> <br /> <strong>TV</strong><br /> Ülke TV’de “Nöbetçi Filozof/ Filozofya” diye bir program vardı.  Batılıların dediği gibi, “gerçek olamayacak kadar güzel”; bir televizyon  kanalında aheste beste felsefe konuşulan bir programın var olması,  ikide bir okullardan felsefe dersini kaldırmaya kalkışan toplumumuz  için, gerçek olamayacak kadar güzel bir durumdu... Galiba gerçekliği  kalmadı onun da. Reyting dışı üç beş programı bile normal saatlerde  yayımlayamıyor ülke. <br /> <br /> <strong>Şiir</strong><br /> Metin Üstündağ’ın “Apartman Haikuları” çıktı. Metin Üstündağ: Mizahın  büyük yaratıcılarından; mizahı şiirle, şiiri mizahla dolu sanatçı. Dili  kendi üzerine döndürüp foyasını meydana çıkaranlardan:<br /> “şimdi bir de akıllı evler çıktı başımıza/<br /> pışıık! villa residence ofis dururken/<br /> ev mi olunurmuş hiç akılları olsa”<br /> Nesneler arası akrabalığı yakalama ustası:<br /> “sıradan bir kitaba yazılan/<br /> toleranslı önsöz gibi/<br /> uzanmış paspas” <br /> Ve insanlar arası akrabalığı:<br /> “yataklarda yusuf’un asıl kuyusu/<br /> bu gece şu saat şu an şimdi/<br /> sevişenler bir ulus”\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<strong>Traduction  en français de la partie surlignée</strong>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong><em>Radikal</em> du 11 mars 2010 <br /> Article de Necmiye Alpay</strong>\r\n<p><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\nTout le monde s’accorde à penser  que le magnifique film “Deux langues, une valise” qui questionne la  société contemporaine sur le versant de ses langues parlées est une  oeuvre majeure.Il  n’y a pas longtemps, le court métrage de Nora Şeni “Et les dimanches?”  (26’) a été projeté à l’İnstitut Français Culturel d’Istanbul à  l’occasion d’une conférence sur la migration turque ouvrière en France .  Il peut être qualifié de pionnier de “Deux langues, une valise”. En effet, même si dans le titre  de ce court métrage, il n’y a pas de mot “valise”, les premières images  du film s’attardent sur des valises. La question de la langue est au  centre de ce récit. Ici il est question d’un jeune homme qui va vers  l’Occident  pour gagner sa vie: un parmi les milliers d’  ouvriers qui se rendent en France dans les années 1970.  En  suivant le jeune ouvrier dans la ville, le film expose la condition  ouvrière, nous sommes face à un tel rencontre culturelle-linguistique  dramatique.Le  verbe “montrer” est ici en jeu dans toute sa splendeur; avec  très peu de dialogues , le réalisateur réussit à tout montrer par  l’image. Pour moi, c’est un classique.\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n“Et les Dimanches?” est un film que l’on  peut projeter dans différentes circonstances: il exprime les difficultés  linguistiques, celles liées aux différences culturels et à la condition  ouvrière, c’est une oeuvre indispensable aux cinéphiles. Seni a réalisé  ce film dans les années 1970 alors qu’elle était étudiante. Sa  biographie précise qu’elle continue à réaliser des documentaires.L’opinion  publique s’était familiarisée avec Nora Şeni par ses ouvrages:  “L’économie mondiale et la branche hégémonique”,   “Marie  et Marie, une saison à Constantinople. 1856-1858.” , “Si je t’oublie  İstanbul...”. La traduction de son livre “Les inventeurs de la  philantropie” vient de paraître voici quelques mois. Dans cet ouvrage,  l’auteur interroge les notions de charité, aide sociale, philantropie et  de bienfaisance. Elle explique qu’avec l’ère des Lumières, la  bienfaisance choisit de prévenir plutôt que de donner l’aumône. Depuis quelques années, Şeni est à la tête  d’une institution interculturelle majeure. La conférence que j’ai  évoquée la semaine dernière intitulé “La psychanalise de l’Islam” est  une des nombreuses conférences organisées par l’Institut Français  d’Etudes Anatoliennes.\r\n<p> </p>\r\nwww.ifea-istanbul.net</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<br />', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:44:46', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:44:46', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 2, '', '', 0, 303, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(182, 'Article de Nora Seni dans Urbanisme', 'article-de-nora-seni-dans-urbanisme', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1831" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1831'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1831&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1831&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=873'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<pre><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>2010-Istanbul, capitale culturelle européenne dans <em>Urbanisme:</em></strong></span></span></span><br /></pre>\r\n<pre><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Article de <span style="line-height: 115%;">Nora Seni, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">n. 371, mars-avril 2010.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></pre>\r\n<pre><span><span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pour lire cet article en français, <a href="../website/images/stories/actualites/urbanismeii.pdf" target="_self">cliquer ici</a> .</span></span></span></span><br /><br /></pre>', '', 1, 16, 0, 73, '2010-04-06 12:45:10', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:45:10', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 252, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(183, 'le 16 décembre 2008: Conférence de Nora Seni', 'le-16-decembre-2008-conference-de-nora-seni', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=878" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=878&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan="2" valign="top"><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>le 16  décembre 2008</strong> conférence de <strong>Nora Sen</strong>i "Conception  et destin de deux grands projets de  centres d''art  contemporain à Paris" dans le cadre de  la série <em>"Conversations Vers la Ville"</em> organisée par la  Grande Municipalité d''Istanbul,en compagnie de Ihsan  Bilgin (Professeur à l''Université Bilgi) et  Ömer Kanipak, directeur de la revue <em>Arkitera</em></span>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>le 16 décembre à 18h  au Centre  Tarik Zafer Tunaya </strong><br /></span></p>\r\n<span style="color: #888888;"> IBB''nin organize ettigi <em>Kente doğru konuşmalar</em> çerçevesinde <br /> Nora Şeni "Paris''deki iki büyük  çağdaş sanatlar müzesi projesinin akibeti" hakkında bir konferans verecektir. <br /> Diger konferansçi Prof . Ihsan Bilgin (Bilgi Ünivesitesi), moderatör ise  <em>Arkitera</em>''nin yoneticisi Ömer Kanıpak olacaktir <br /><strong>Tarik Zafer Tunaya Merkezi </strong></span> <span style="color: #888888;"><br /><strong>16 Aralik 2008, Saat  18''de</strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>', '', 1, 16, 0, 70, '2010-04-06 12:45:42', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:45:42', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 5, '', '', 0, 179, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(184, 'Rendez-vous de l''IFEA: Christine Peltre', 'rendez-vous-de-lifea-christine-peltre', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1173" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1173'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1173&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1173&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';">Les RENDEZ-VOUS de l''IFEA ; Conférences/débats: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff6600; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';">Christine Peltre</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"> <br /> </span>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"><strong><br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt;">Vendredi 6 mars à 17h</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></p>\r\n<span style="color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"></span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"><o:p></o:p></span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Christine Peltre</span>,</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"> (Professeur, directrice de l’Institut d’histoire  de l’art, Université Marc Bloch, Strasbourg) : Mille et Une Nuits et  l’art du XIXème siècle. </span>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';">Cette conférence portera sur le rôle des contes  dans les arts islamiques et leur rapport à l’esthétique occidentale. </span></p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999; font-family: ''Arial'',''sans-serif'';">vendredi 5  mars à 18h, à la Bibliothèque Nationale d''İzmir, conférence organisée  en coopération et à l''initiative du Centre culturel français d''İzmir.</span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 70, '2010-04-06 12:46:14', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:46:14', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 3, '', '', 0, 242, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(185, 'Rendez-vous de l''IFEA: Conférence de Maria Alexandra Duchêne', 'rendez-vous-de-lifea-conference-de-maria-alexandra-duchene', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1307" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1307&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Conférence  de Maria Alexandra  Duchêne</strong> (Attachée de conservation au Patrimoine,  Musée de l’Ile de France, Château de Sceaux), sur <strong> Jardins ottomans entre  empathie et revivification. Un regard européen de 1630 à 1820</strong><strong>, organisée en  coopération avec le Centre Culturel Français d''İzmir. </strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>le 22 mai 2009, à 18h, à  l''IFEA</strong></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 70, '2010-04-06 12:46:29', 62, '', '2010-04-06 12:47:05', 62, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:46:29', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 4, '', '', 0, 234, 'robots=\nauthor=');
INSERT INTO `jos_content` (`id`, `title`, `alias`, `title_alias`, `introtext`, `fulltext`, `state`, `sectionid`, `mask`, `catid`, `created`, `created_by`, `created_by_alias`, `modified`, `modified_by`, `checked_out`, `checked_out_time`, `publish_up`, `publish_down`, `images`, `urls`, `attribs`, `version`, `parentid`, `ordering`, `metakey`, `metadesc`, `access`, `hits`, `metadata`) VALUES
(186, 'NORA SENI Pour la restauration du Mausolée Camondo', 'nora-seni-pour-la-restauration-du-mausolee-camondo', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%">NORA SENI Pour la restauration du Mausolée Camondo</td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1371" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1371'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1371&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1371&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<span style="color: #999999;">Conférence donnée à  l''Agence Istanbul 2010 le 10 juin 2009 à 18h</span>', '', 1, 16, 0, 70, '2010-04-06 12:47:33', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:47:33', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 2, '', '', 0, 282, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(187, 'Istanbul dans le marché de l''art international', 'istanbul-dans-le-marche-de-lart-international', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1823" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=1823'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1823&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1823&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=861'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ''Calibri'',''sans-serif'';" lang="FR"><strong>Jeudi 18 mars 2010 à 18h à l’IFEA</strong></span></span><br /> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ''Calibri'',''sans-serif'';" lang="FR"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">"Istanbul dans le marché de  l''art international"<br /> </span></strong></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ''Calibri'',''sans-serif'';" lang="FR"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Conférencier : <strong>Emin Mahir  Balcıoğlu</strong> (Directeur de Contemporary Istanbul)<br /> Invitée : <strong>Oya Delahaye </strong>(directrice de Sotheby''s à Istanbul)</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ''Calibri'',''sans-serif'';" lang="FR"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ''Calibri'',''sans-serif'';" lang="FR"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cliquer  ici pour voir la </span><a target="_self" href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1813&amp;Itemid=1001"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Conférence  en ligne</span></a></span></span></p>', '', 1, 16, 0, 70, '2010-04-06 12:48:02', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:48:02', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 275, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(188, 'Nos Partenaires', 'nos-partenaires', '', '<span style="color: #888888;">L''IFEA travaille en partenariat et collaboration  avec une grande variété d''institutions. Il s''inscrit dans le réseau des  instituts et centres culturels français en Turquie et dans des pays  tiers (instituts dépendants du MAE ou Écoles françaises liées au  Ministère de l''Education nationale). Il coopère aussi avec les instituts  étrangers présents en Turquie, et il est lié par un accord-cadre à son  homologue allemand l''Orient-Institut d''Istanbul. Côté turc, ses  partenaires naturels sont les départements des universités et les  centres de recherche, à Ankara, Izmir ou Istanbul, et dans des  universités de province. Mais l''Institut a aussi lancé des coopérations  avec des acteurs extérieurs au monde scientifique, comme des  municipalités, des maisons d''éditions, des banques ou encore le milieu  associatif. Enfin, il est lié à des institutions scientifiques  françaises, des laboratoires et départements universitaires.</span>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Le champ politique  turc</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">TÜBİTAK</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Le Centre de recherche et d’application des relations  économiques internationales de la communauté européenne (ATMER) de  l’Université du 9 Septembre</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Centre culturel  français d’İzmir</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université  Paris I</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université Galatasaray</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">CERI</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Paris I</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">CNRS Lille</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Etudes urbaines</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">La Grande Mairie d’Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Le département de sociaologie de l’Université Galatasaray</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">« URBANITE ET VIES CITADINES » (ACI du Ministère de la  recherche)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">IUF (Institut Universitaire de  France)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">PREDIT (ministère des Transports)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Association Culturelle Turquie - France</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Centre de Recherches d’Etudes Urbaines (ICUS) de  l’Université Technique de Yildiz</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Le Caucase</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Centre Français culturel Alexandre Dumas</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Le patrimoine et sa  mémoire</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">AICA</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">AKSANAT</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université Paris 8</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">IFU</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">INHA</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Académie des  Beaux-Arts de l''Université Mimar Sinan</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Centre  culturel de Yapı Kredi</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Institut  Universitaire des Sciences Sociales de l’Université de Çanakkale</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université Paris X- Nanterre</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">UMR 7041 du CNRS, Archéologie et Sciences de l''Antiquité  (ARSCAN)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">TÜBİTAK</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">La municipalité de Burhaniye</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Fédération des Guides en Turquie (TUREB)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Institut Français Culturel d’Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">RCAC Koç University</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Labaratoire de Péhistoire de l’Université d’Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">La Faculté de Communication de l’Université Marmara,</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université Sorbonne-Nouvelle</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université Bahçeşehir</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Institut  culturel italien</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Le département  d’archéologie de l’Université d’ıstanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Collège de France</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Département de  Préhistoire de la Faculté des Lettres de l''Université d''Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Société des Historiens médiévistes de l’Enseignement  supérieur public</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Département  d’Histoire de l’Université du Bosphore</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">L’histoire de  l’Empire ottoman et de la  Turquie contemporaine</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université du Bosphore (ATA)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université technique d’Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Orient-Institut</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">La revue  Popüler Tarih</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">La librairie Homer</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">EHESS</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Filmmor</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Istanbul Modern</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Musée de Péra</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">L’Oréal-Turquie</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Lycée de Notre  Dame de Sion</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Institut universitaire de France</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">l''Université de Poitiers</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Ecole  Française d’Athènes</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Centre d''Etudes  d''Asie-Mineure</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Österreichisches Arcaologisches  Institut</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">CNRS (UMR 8032- Etudes turques et  ottomanes)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Institut culturel italien- Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Université de Çanakkale</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">École biblique</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Crédit agricole (Calyon)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Consulat  général de Pologne</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Espaces méditéranéens</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">IFPO – Damas (Institut Français du Proche-Orient)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">IDEMEC</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">MMSH</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Ecole Française de Rome</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Instituto  Cervantes- Istanbul</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">INALCO</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Département de la littérature turque de l’Université  Technique de Yıldız</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">L’Histoire</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Association pour L’Histoire</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">La revue Toplumsal Tarih</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">IFRI</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Académie des Arts de l’Iran</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">IRCICA (Centre de recherches sur l’histoire, l’art et la  culture islamiques)</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">CEDEJ</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;"> </span></p>', '', 1, 5, 0, 44, '2010-04-06 12:58:15', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 12:58:15', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 4, '', '', 0, 2804, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(189, 'Présentation générale', 'presentation-generale', '', '<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #888888;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong><span style="color: #808080;">L''IFEA inaugure deux nouvelles collections de </span>publications <span style="color: #808080;">en partenariat avec les éditions İsis et Kitapyayınevi.</span></strong></span><br /><strong>-IFEA/İsis Yayınları</strong><br />Premier ouvrage à paraître à l''hiver 2010 : <strong>Nora Seni</strong>, <em>Le voyage de Adolphe Crémieux à Damas (1840) </em><br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>-IFEA/Kitapyayınevi</strong><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">Cinq ouvrages à paraître : <br /><strong><img style="float: left;" alt="livred" src="images/stories/publications/livred.jpg" width="120" height="153" />Derin Öncel</strong>, <em>Konaktan Apartman Yaşamına, Galata''da Yeni Bir Konut Tipi</em><br /><strong><a href="images/stories/publications/onsozseni.pdf">Cliquer ici pour lire la préface de Nora Şeni</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Annie Pralong</strong> (ed.),<em><span style="color: #808080;"> Bizans Uygarlığına Çapraz Bakışlar </span></em></span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><br /><strong>Dejanirah Couto</strong> (ed.)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><em>, </em></span></span></span><span style="color: #888888;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Avrupa</em>, Aralık 2009''da Paris''te yapılan kolokyumun bildirileri.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>Nora Seni </strong><em>(ed.), Philanthropes et Mécènes dans la ville pour une politique contemporaine de la culture</em>, actes du colloque tenu </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">à Istanbul les 28-29  janvier 2008<br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Sophie Le Tarnec, </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #888888;"><strong>Nora Seni, </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #888888;"><em>Bir Hanedanın Çöküşü</em> (réédition)</span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"></span></span></span>\r\n<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #888888;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong><span style="color: #808080;">L''IFEA possède quatre </span>périodiques</strong></span><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"> :</span><br /> -Anatolia  Antiqua</strong><br /> -<strong>Anatolia  Moderna</strong> (ne paraît plus)<br /> -<strong>Varia Anatolica<br /> -</strong><strong>Varia  Turcica </strong>(ne paraît plus)<br />L''IFEA est de plus en partenariat avec la revue <strong><span style="color: #808080;">Toplumsal Tarih</span></strong> qui publie un ou plusieurs articles des chercheurs de l''IFEA par mois.<br /> <br /> </span></span></span><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;">L''IFEA possède également </span><span style="color: #808080;">quatre </span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #888888;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">collections :</span></strong><br /> -<strong>Passé  ottoman, présent turc </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #888888;">(ne paraît plus)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #888888;"> <br /> -<strong>Rencontres  d''Istanbul</strong><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (ne paraît plus)<br /> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">-<strong>Bibliothèque turque</strong> en collaboration avec <em>Actes Sud</em><br />-<strong>Les  dossiers de l''IFEA</strong> (ne paraissent plus)<br /><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">La rubrique <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Publications des chercheurs </span></strong>offre un panorama des publications des </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">chercheurs de l''IFEA</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"> ainsi que les publications liées aux activités scientifiques organisées en coopération avec  d''autres organismes.</span></span></span></p>', '', 1, 30, 0, 113, '2010-04-06 13:01:16', 62, '', '2010-10-07 10:38:11', 64, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:01:16', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 12, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 3968, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(868, 'LAMRHARI Loubna', 'lamrhari-loubna', '', '<br />\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Loubna LAMRHARI</span></strong></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"> </span></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Doctorante - histoire contemporaine (XIXe-XXe). <br />Allocataire de recherche du ministère de la Défense.</strong><br /> </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Chercheuse attachée</span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> à <strong>C.R.I.S.E.S.</strong></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> (Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Humaines et Sociales), Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier III.<br />Boursière du <strong>TÜBITAK </strong>(CNRS turc) jusqu''au mois d''octobre 2010.<br />Allocataire de recherche de l’<strong>IRSEM</strong> (Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l''École Militaire / Ministère de la Défense).<br /></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />Chercheuse associée au programme ANR "<strong><a target="_blank" href="http://recherche.univ-montp3.fr/crises/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=269&amp;Itemid=172">Les Présents des Passés</a></strong>" (CRISES, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier III). </span><br /></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<h2><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Thèmes de recherche :</span></strong><br /></span></span></span></span></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <strong>Histoire sociale de </strong></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>l’armée ottomane et turque (fin de l’Empire ottoman et première période républicaine) </strong></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong> et de l’armée française (IIIe République) :</strong> les rapports armée-politique, armée-société et armée-nation ; perceptions et auto-perceptions de l’institution militaire.</span></span></span></span></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <strong>Histoire et mémoire :</strong> muséologie militaire ; musées des armées, musées de l’histoire des conflits contemporains (Turquie- Grèce), mise en scène de l’histoire et élaboration du récit historique, représentations de l’ennemi, héritages mémoriels.</span></span></span></span></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /><strong>Thèse : </strong>"Les observateurs militaires français de la Turquie “nouvelle” (1903-1938)" sous la direction du Professeur Frédéric Rousseau (Montpellier III).</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"> </span></strong><span style="color: #888888;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Conférences et journées d’études</span></strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"> (2010)</span> :</span><br /></span>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>- "Les occupations militaires dans les Balkans"</strong> (EfA-IFEA) dans le cadre de l’ANR "Les occupations militaires". Ecole française d’Athènes, 21 et 22 mai 2010. "<em>L’Armée française et son réseau de renseignement sous l’occupation militaire d’Istanbul (1919-1923)</em>". </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <strong>- "16th Conference in Empirical Studies in Social Sciences"</strong>, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">journées d''études doctorales,</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> University of Economics of Izmir, Turquie, 14 et 15 avril 2010.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span>\r\n<p><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>- "Autour de Jean Deny. Les relations culturelles et scientifiques France-Turquie au XXe siècle" </strong>(ENS-EHESS) dans le cadre de la Saison de la Turquie en France. ENS, Paris, 28 et 29 mars 2010. "<em>L’obsession allemande. Interférences dans le savoir militaire français sur l’armée ottomane et turque (1883-1939)</em>".</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />Participation au </span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">programme de formation doctorale (UE)</span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> </strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> "EU, France and Turkey University Dialogue- </strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> Interact </strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>"</strong> </span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>; </strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Université de Bilgi (Istanbul), IFEA et Sciences Po Paris. 1ère journée à l''IEP de Paris, 2ème à Bilgi. <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<h2><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Publications :</span></span></span></span></strong></h2>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">Loubna Lamrhari, "La fabrique d’une "bonne" révolution. La révolution jeune-turque de 1908 sous le regard des officiers français", in<span style="color: #808080;"> </span></span><span style="color: #808080;">Marie-France Badie, Michèle-Caroline Heck et Philippe Monbrun (dir.), </span><span style="color: #808080;"><em>La Fabrique du regard</em></span><span style="color: #808080;">, Michel Houdiard, 2011, 408 p.</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #888888;">Loubna Lamrhari, "İstanbul İşgali <em>Sırasında</em> (1918-1923) Fransız İstihbaratının Bilgi Toplama ve İletme Stratejileri", Toplumsal Tarih, p. 66-71, février 2011, n°206. </span></span></span></p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span>\r\n<p><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>\r\n<h2><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>À </strong></span><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">paraître : </span></span></strong></span></span></h2>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #808080;">" L’obsession allemande dans la production du savoir militaire français sur l’armée ottomane et turque (1883-1939) ", in <em>Les relations culturelles et scientifiques; France-turquie</em> ; actes du colloque <em>Autour de Jean Deny. Les relations culturelles et scientifiques France-turquie </em>, tenu à l''ENS-Paris en mars 2010 , Paris, Presses Universitaires de Rennes.</span></span></span></p>\r\n<h2><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Contact :</span></strong></span></span></h2>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">+90 0212.244.17.17 (poste : 122)<br /> Institut Français d''Etudes Anatoliennes<br />Palais de France<br />Nuru Ziya Sokak, 10 P.K.54<br />TR-34433<br />Beyoğlu - Istanbul<br />TURQUIE<br /><strong>loubna.lam@voila.fr</strong></span></span></span></span></p>', '', 1, 18, 0, 171, '2010-09-22 07:42:33', 62, '', '2011-03-29 12:19:48', 600, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-09-22 07:42:33', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 35, 0, 5, 'Loubna Lamrhari, histoire militaire, histoire, ANR, armée ottomane, muséologie militaire', '', 0, 694, 'robots=\nauthor=IFEA'),
(190, 'Catalogue des cartes et plans', 'catalogue-des-cartes-et-plans', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=125" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=125'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=125&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=113" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=125&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=113'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #000000;">FONDS CARTOGRAPHIQUE ORIGINAL DE L’IFEA ( <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="images/stories/carto/cartes-ifea2006.pdf" target="_blank" title="catalogue des cartes et plans IFEA">LISTE  SUCCINCTE EN PDF</a></span> )</span><br /> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img src="images/stories/carto/kiepert1892_atlas.jpg" style="border: 0px none #ffffff; margin: 5px; width: 200px; height: 161px; float: left;" alt="kiepert1892_atlas" title="kiepert1892_atlas.jpg" width="200" height="161" /></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Séries de cartes et plans  anciens:</span></span></span></strong></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-un fonds précieux de  cartes anciennes (XIXe et début XXe siècle) en ottoman de l’Empire  ottoman<br /> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">* cartes de la « Roumélie impériale » au  1/210.000,<br /> *cartes d’Istanbul et ses environs « édition ottomane » au 1/25.000,<br /> * cartes de la Turquie « édition ottomane » au 1/200.000 et au 1/400.000<br /> *autres cartes anciennes disparates</span></span></span></p>\r\n<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-des cartes du XIXe siècle et du début XXe autrichiennes principalement des Balkans, au 1/300.000 et au 1/200.000-des cartes des géographes allemands Heinrich et Richard Kiepert (fin XIXe - début XXe siècle):</span></span></span><br />\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> *Specialkarte vom Westlichen Kleinasien - Carte de la partie occidentale  de l''Asie mineure, 1/125.000, </span></span></span><img src="images/stories/carto/1829_asiae minoris_delamarche_pl.jpg" alt="1829_asiae minoris_delamarche_pl" style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; width: 335px; height: 234px; float: right;" title="1829_asiae minoris_delamarche_pl.jpg" width="335" height="234" /><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">atlas  comprenant 1 carte</span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> synoptique de la division administrative des  provinces de l''Empire Ottoman et lanches, Heinrich Kiepert (1892)<br /> *Karte von Kleinasien, 1/400.000 (ensemble de 2 coffrets de 12 planches  chacun), Richard Kiepert (1902-1906), <br /> *Nouvelle carte générale des provinces asiatiques de l''Empire ottoman  (sans l''Arabie), 1/1.500.000, dressée par Henri Kiepert, 1884<br /> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">*Karte von Armenien, Kurdistan und  Azerbeidschan, Heinrich Kiepert, 1/1.000.000, 1852-1855</span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> -les plans d’assurance d’Istanbul et de Smyrne de Goad, 1904-1906,  échelles 1/600, 1/3.600</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-les plans d’assurance  d’Istanbul de Pervitich, 1922-1945 (une grande partie des planches),  échelles 1/250, 1/375, 1/500, 1/600, 1/1.000, 1/2.000, 1/2.400, 1/4.000<br /> <strong><br /> <span style="color: #808080;">Séries de cartes topographiques  et géologiques:</span></strong> </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-la couverture  topographique de la Turquie </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><br /> </span> <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">*au 1/200.000 (années  1940-1950) [série de 123 cartes], <br /> *au 1/500.000 (années 1970), <br /> *au 1/800.000 (années 1930) série complète, <br /> *au 1/1.000.000 (années 1970) série complète</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-2 séries de cartes  géologiques de la Turquie au 1/100.000 et au 1/500.000, et des cartes  géologiques disparates</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ainsi que de nombreux  plans du parcellaire d’Istanbul à des échelles variées (tirages souvent  de mauvaise qualité)</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><br /> </span></p>\r\n<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><img style="float: left;" src="images/stories/carto/uskudar_metro_activite.jpg" alt="uskudar_metro_activite" width="350" height="247" /></span></p>\r\n<div align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /> Depuis 2004 l''atelier de cartographie de l''IFEA a fait évoluer son  catalogue de cartes et plans sous forme numérique grâce à des échanges  avec d''autres institutions ou des campagnes de digitalisation (scan) des  ouvrages de la bibliothèque (voyageurs ou autres) et des plans papier  de la cartothèque de l''IFEA.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><br /> </span> <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Une base de donnée  contenant ces données numérisés est en cours de préparation et seras  accessible via le site de l''IFEA pour consultation publique et  sécurisée.<br /><br />Plans et cartes disponibles en consultation sur place :</span></span></span></div>\r\n<div align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">- L''ensemble des plans cadastraux du grand Istanbul sous format DXF à l''echelle de 1/1000 datant de 2002.</span></span></span></div>\r\n<div align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">- Plan d''occupation des sol et du loti de la Grande Mairie d''Istanbul, fait par photo  interpretation automatique sur la base de photographie aériennes de 1998, sous format ArcGIS.</span></span></span></div>\r\n<div align="justify"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">- Des cartes et plans thématiques réalisés par l''atelier en CAO ou SIG  sont également disponibles.<br /><br />Une grande partie de nos cartes et plans sont maintenant disponible sous format digital. (70% de notre catalogue) </span></span></span></div>', '', 1, 11, 0, 43, '2010-04-06 13:14:31', 65, '', '2011-05-20 11:35:29', 64, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:14:31', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 6, 0, 1, 'cartography, turkey, istanbul, IFEA, atelier de cartographie', 'FONDS CARTOGRAPHIQUE de l''IFEA', 0, 1325, 'robots=\nauthor=Pascal Lebouteiller'),
(191, 'Projet Mamboury', 'projet-mamboury', '', '<p align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></p>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">La vie et les travaux de Ernest Mamboury / projet d''études à partir des  oeuvres publiées et des archives publiques et privées.</span></strong></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> Projet Initié par <strong>J F. Perouse</strong> et <strong>P. Lebouteiller</strong>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">IFEA</span> (Institut Français d’Etudes Anatoliennes) </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">partenaires et participant au projet : </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:  arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">l''Ambassade de  Suisse à Istanbul, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı - DAI(Istanbul) - IAE (  Suna ve İnan Kıraç Vakfı İstanbul Araştırmaları Enstitüs) - Le lycée Galatasaray.</span></div>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">La première étape d''évaluation des archives  photographiques et des documents écrits est en cours et la recherche de  financement est lancée.</span></div>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:   arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><br /><br /><img alt="ilesdprincesmamboury17_s" src="images/stories/carto/projets/ilesdprincesmamboury17_s.jpg" height="311" width="300" /> <img alt="mamboury_photo_s" src="images/stories/carto/projets/mamboury_photo_s.jpg" height="239" width="149" /></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:  arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><img src="images/stories/carto/istanbul_touristique.jpg" alt="istanbul_touristique.jpg" style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; width: 135px; height: 240px; float: left;" title="istanbul_touristique.jpg" height="240" width="135" /></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></div>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></div>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></div>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:  arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:  arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Un premier volet est prévu  sous forme  d''exposition de la présentation du personage et de ses  oeuvres courant  2010.</span><span style="color: #999999;"> </span></div>\r\n<div align="justify"><span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></div>\r\n<table style="width: 749px; height: 16px;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="2"></td>\r\n<td colspan="3"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bolder; font-family: times; color: #f73145;"> </span><br /></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>', '', 1, 11, 0, 76, '2010-06-11 00:00:00', 65, '', '2010-12-16 13:34:08', 600, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-06-11 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 8, 0, 3, 'Perouse, Lebouteiller, istanbul, turquie, turkey, mamboury, IFEA, atelier de cartographie, projets, recherche', 'La vie et les travaux de Ernest Mamboury', 0, 6, 'robots=\nauthor=Pascal Lebouteiller'),
(192, ' les plans d''assurance d''Istanbul de Charles Edouard Goad (1904-1906)', 'parution-les-plans-dassurance-distanbul-de-charles-edouard-goad-1904-1906', '', '<div style="text-align: left;"></div>\r\n<div style="text-align: center;"></div>\r\n<strong><span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les  plans d''assurance d''Istanbul de Charles Edouard Goad (1904-1906)” </span></span></strong><span style="color: #888888;">(IBB - IFEA, Décembre 2007/ Mise en vente mai 2008)</span><br />\r\n<p style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0% 50%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #888888;">Publication   : « Les plans d''assurances à Istanbul de Charles Edouard  Goad » Dec  2007 (collaboration entre  l''observatoire urbain de l''IFEA et la  direction des musées et  bibliothèques de la grande Mairie d''Istanbul :  IBB). Perouse - Lebouteiller</span></p>\r\n<br /><img alt="goad_pera26" src="images/stories/carto/goad_pera26.jpg" width="284" height="331" /> <img alt="goad_kadikoy" src="images/stories/carto/goad_kadikoy.jpg" width="231" height="281" /><br />\r\n<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span></div>', '', 1, 11, 0, 76, '2010-04-06 13:18:48', 65, '', '2011-03-29 15:58:44', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:18:48', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 15, 0, 4, 'GOAD, constantinople, IFEA, atelier de cartographie, OUI, projets, recherche, Jean-Francois Perouse', 'plans d''assurance d''Istanbul', 0, 1, 'robots=\nauthor=Pascal Lebouteiller');
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(193, 'CDROM Atlas d''Istanbul', 'cdrom-atlas-distanbul', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><br /></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=98" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=98'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Convertir en PDF"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/pdf_button.png" alt="Convertir en PDF" name="Convertir en PDF" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=98&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=88" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(''http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=98&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=88'',''win2'',''status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'');  return false;" title="Version imprimable"> <img src="../website/templates/gk_moxmovies/images/printButton.png" alt="Version imprimable" name="Version imprimable" align="middle" border="0" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>« Atlas électronique de la  croissance d’Istanbul du XVIIIème siècle à nos jours  » 2004</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /><br /> </span><a href="../demo_atlas/DEMO.html" target="_self"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img style="float: left;" alt="pochette_atlas" src="images/stories/carto/pochette_atlas.jpg" width="200" height="198" /><span style="color: #888888;"><img src="../website/images/stories/carto/pochette_atlas.jpg" style="border: 0px none #ffffff; margin: 5px; width: 200px; height: 198px; float: left;" alt=" " title="atlas Istanbul" width="200" height="198" /></span></span></a><span style="color: #888888;"> Cet atlas interactif  sur CD est la première production, expérimentale en quelque sorte, de  l’atelier cartographique de l’Observatoire Urbain d’Istanbul (OUI),  constitué fin <strong>2003</strong> au sein de l’Institut Français d’Etudes  Anatoliennes (I.F.E.A.). Cette première réalisation a donc vocation  d’être la vitrine de cet atelier, qui, nous l’espérons, lui confèrera  une première visibilité et raison d’être publique.</span></p>\r\n<div align="left"><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />La version Française sortie en 2005 est épuisée (copie possible sur demande à l''atelier de l''IFEA)<br /> <br /> </span></span></span></span></div>\r\n<em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #808080;">Une version  trilingue Français, Turque et Anglaise est prévue courant <strong>2010</strong>. </span></em>', '', 1, 11, 0, 76, '2010-04-06 13:19:09', 65, '', '2011-03-29 15:58:13', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:19:09', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 5, 0, 5, 'IFEA, atelier de cartographie, OUI, atlas interactif, Istanbul', '', 0, 6, 'robots=\nauthor=Pascal Lebouteiller'),
(194, 'Travail sur la publication Charles Edouard Goad', 'travail-sur-la-publication-charles-edouard-goad', '', '<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width="100%"><span style="color: #888888;"><br /></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=91" target="_blank" title="Convertir en PDF"> </a></span></td>\r\n<td width="100%" align="right"><span style="color: #888888;"><a href="../website/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=91&amp;pop=1&amp;page=0&amp;Itemid=88" target="_blank" title="Version imprimable"> </a></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style="color: #888888;">Publication  : « Les plans d''assurances à Istanbul de Charles Edouard  Goad » Dec 2007 (collaboration entre  l''observatoire urbain de l''IFEA et la direction des musées et  bibliothèques de la grande Mairie d''Istanbul : IBB).</span><br /> <br /></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>', '', 0, 11, 0, 76, '2010-04-06 13:19:25', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:19:25', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 7, '', '', 0, 0, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(195, 'Projet de base de données cartographique sur la Turquie du XVe siècle à nos jours.', 'projet-de-base-de-donnees-cartographique-sur-la-turquie-du-xve-siecle-a-nos-jours', '', '<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">L''atelier de  cartographie a un projet de <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>base de données cartographique d''Istanbul à l''emprise de l''Empire Ottoman</strong></span>; ce projet permettra d''avoir accès via internet aux copies digitales des cartes et plans representant ces régions. Plusieurs centres, bibliothèques et universités Turques et Européennnes sont conviées au projet pour mettre leurs ressources à la disposition des chercheurs et du public sur ce portail.</span></span>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Le projet a fini l''étape de reconnaissance des documents entre 2004 et 2009 qui a permis de classer des documents numériques en basse définition et est en attente de financements pour créer l''interface de la base de données et la numérisation des fonds. <br />Nous recevons une grande demande des étudiants et chercheurs pour ce projet qui serait un outil de grande valeur pour la recherche sur la Turquie et l''Empire Otoman de l''archéologie jusqu''à nos jours.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><br /><span style="color: #888888;">quelques exemples de documents ...</span></p>\r\n<table border="0">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><img alt="1864_swanson_constantinople_s" src="images/stories/carto/1864_swanson_constantinople_s.jpg" width="208" height="124" /></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><img alt="constantinople old" src="images/stories/carto/constantinople old.jpg" width="200" height="138" /></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td><img alt="ist_departement_2004" src="images/stories/carto/ist_departement_2004.jpg" width="200" height="138" /></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p> </p>', '', 1, 11, 0, 76, '2009-04-08 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-03-29 15:59:35', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:19:43', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 5, 0, 6, 'IFEA, atelier de cartographie, OUI, projets, Istanbul', '', 0, 1, 'robots=\nauthor=Pascal Lebouteiller'),
(196, 'Les dossiers thématiques de l''Atelier de cartographie de l''IFEA :', 'les-dossiers-thematiques-de-latelier-de-cartographie-de-lifea-', '', '<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Cette rubrique a pour but de rassembler une  documentation sur un quartier et/ou un thème à Istanbul ou en Turquie.  Principalement de nature cartographique les dossiers pourront également  etre alimentés par d''autre type de support: photographiques, articles ou  liens.</span>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">j''attends vos propositions et votre  participation à ces dossiers carto...</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="color: #999999;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Dossiers en préparation :</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1306&amp;Itemid=1006" target="_self">- La représentation cartographique de l''évolution du  quartier de Galata intra-muros</a></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="../website/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1313&amp;Itemid=1006" target="_self">- Les modifications urbaines de Constantinople autour de  1800 </a></span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> </span></p>', '', 1, 11, 0, 77, '2010-04-06 13:23:19', 62, '', '2011-05-20 09:37:21', 64, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:23:19', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 2, 0, 3, '', '', 0, 2, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(197, 'Modifications urbaine autour de 1800', 'modifications-urbaine-autour-de-1800', '', '<span style="color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Modifications urbaine de  Constantinople autour de 1800 (1776 - 1843)</span></strong></span>\r\n<p> </p>', '', 1, 11, 0, 77, '2010-04-06 13:24:07', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:24:07', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 2, '', '', 0, 7, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(198, 'Galata intra muros', 'galata-intra-muros', '', '<strong><span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">La  représentation cartographique de l''évolution du quartier de Galata  intra-muros</span> </span></strong>', '', 1, 11, 0, 77, '2010-04-06 13:24:36', 62, '', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 0, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:24:36', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 1, 0, 1, '', '', 0, 10, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(199, ' 8 février 2010 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '-8-fevrier-2010-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<img src="file:///C:/Users/Musa/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot.png" /><img src="file:///C:/Users/Musa/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.png" /><a href="../website/images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1581_miniature-sahinsahname_vol1_univ_istanbul.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 232px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1581_miniature-sahinsahname_vol1_univ_istanbul_s.jpg" alt="1581_miniature-sahinsahname_vol1_univ_istanbul_s" title="1581_miniature-sahinsahname_vol1_univ_istanbul_s.jpg" height="232" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>8 février</em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em> 2010 / Cartothèque  de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Representation  du centre d''Istanbul en </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong>1581</strong> tirée d''une miniature sur "le passage d''une comète au dessus  d''Istanbul". Lokman, Şahinşahname. Collection de la bibliothèque de  l''Université d''Istanbul. </span></span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2010-04-06 13:25:55', 65, '', '2011-01-19 12:04:15', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-04-06 13:25:55', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 46, '', '', 0, 5, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(200, '1 février 2010 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '1-fevrier-2010-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"></span></span></strong></span><a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1932_istanbul_ifea_b.jpg" target="_self"><span style="margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 249px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1932_istanbul_ifea_s.jpg" alt="1932_istanbul_ifea_s" title="1932_istanbul_ifea_s.jpg" height="249" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>1 février</em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em> 2010 / Cartothèque  de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Carte du centre  d''Istanbul en <strong>1922</strong> tirée d''une series de 15 cartes de la ville  de 1909 à 1922. Ces cartes donnent à voir à une échelle  précise à la fois la topographie, les formes du tissu urbain et  certaines activités. En outre, elles renseignent sur la toponymie locale   (et donc sur les populations implantées), surtout en périphérie,  dont on sait qu’elle a beaucoup changé depuis les années 1920.  Entre  1909 et 1922 Istanbul a subi de nombreux drames (afflux  de populations balkaniques lors des guerres du même nom, occupation  alliée,  départ de minorités religieuses, nombreux incendies …) qui  ont eu des effets sur la configuration du tissu urbain. </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><br /> </span></span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2010-02-01 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-19 12:04:44', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-02-01 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 5, 0, 45, '', '', 0, 9, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(201, '25 janvier 2010 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA ', '25-janvier-2010-cartotheque-de-lifea-', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1720_homann.jpg" target="_self"><span style="margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 225px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1720_homann_s.jpg" alt="1720_homann_s" title="1720_homann_s.jpg" height="225" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>25 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>janvier 2010 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Decorative,  coloured copper engraving map by Homann ,<br /> Nuremberg circa <strong>1720</strong> A.D.<br /> Detail of the Map of the Bosphorus - Constantinople<br /> Cartographer : <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Johann Baptist  Homann</span></strong> (*1663 - † 1724) was a German cartographer, publisher  and engraver. After Homanns death the enterprise was taken over by his  son Johann Christoph Homann (*1703; † 1730). <br /> Description : his is a large and very interesting, coloured copper  engraving map by Homann Heirs. This map shows the Bosphorus with  Istanbul. Size : 48.5 x 57.5 cm</span></span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2010-01-25 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-19 12:05:06', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-01-25 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 5, 0, 44, '', '', 0, 5, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(202, '18 janvier 2010 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA ', '18-janvier-2010-cartotheque-de-lifea-', '', '<a href="../website/images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1922_soc_ano_otto_plan_rouge_const_pl.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 260px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1922_soc_ano_otto_plan_rouge_const_pl_s.jpg" alt="1922_soc_ano_otto_plan_rouge_const_pl_s" title="1922_soc_ano_otto_plan_rouge_const_pl_s.jpg" height="260" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>18 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>janvier 2010 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">1922</span></strong> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> - "</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">société anonyme ottomane</span>"</span><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Plan d''ensemble  d''Istanbul réalisé par «la Société  Anonyme Ottomane d''Etudes et d''Entreprises Urbaines» pour la  municipalité,  publié en 1922  -  De très bonne qualité et riche en précisions, ces cartes offrent une  image claire de la configuration de l’agglomération au lendemain de  la Première Guerre mondiale. Œuvre d’une société privée, qui a son siège   à Fatih (Stamboul), à la demande de la préfecture d’Istanbul, l’accent  est mis sur la trame urbaine et la voirie.</span></span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2010-01-18 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-19 12:05:34', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-01-18 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 4, 0, 43, '', '', 0, 4, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(203, '11 janvier 2010 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '11-janvier-2010-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1919-ign_istanbul.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 252px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1919-ign_istanbul_s.jpg" alt="1919-ign_istanbul_s" title="1919-ign_istanbul_s.jpg" height="252" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>11 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>janvier 2010 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Carte de  Constantinople / Istanbul actuelle de septembre <strong>1919 </strong>du <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>service topographique des A.A.O</strong>. </span>,  IGN actuelle (Institut Géographique National Français)</span>\r\n<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">echelle 1/20 000</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Details des noms de quartiers et principaux monuments de  Pera, Stamboul et scutari ainsi que  délimitation des quartiers  incendiés.</span></p>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2010-01-11 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:43:38', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-01-11 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 42, '', '', 0, 4, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(204, '4 janvier 2010 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '4-janvier-2010-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/10-raymond1919.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 219px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/10-raymond1919_s.jpg" alt="10-raymond1919_s" title="10-raymond1919_s.jpg" height="219" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em><br /> </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>4 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>janvier 2010 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Plan de  Constantinople - Scutari - Kadi-Keui par M. <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Raymond</span></strong> de <strong>1919.</strong><br /> Carte du Bosphore en cartouche.<strong><br /> </strong>Belle description de la densité du centre ville et de l''occupation  le long du détroit.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2010-01-04 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:42:30', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2010-01-04 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 41, '', '', 0, 0, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(205, '14 Décembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA ', '14-decembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea-', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/10-raymond_b_1919.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 257px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/10-raymond_b_1919_s.jpg" alt="10-raymond_b_1919_s" title="10-raymond_b_1919_s.jpg" height="257" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>14 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>Décembre 2009 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :<br /> <br /> </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Plan de  Constantinople : Stamboul, Galata, Pera, Scutari, Kadi-Keuy d''après  relevés de Mr. <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Raymond</span></strong> Architecte - <strong>en 1919<br /> </strong>Belle description du centre ville avec une légende générale et une  légende description des principaux monuments. La carte met en évidence  les espaces vert et les cimetières de l''époque. </span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-12-14 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:41:10', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-12-14 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 4, 0, 40, '', '', 0, 7, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(206, '8 Décembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '8-decembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/carte_du_bosphore.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 190px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/carte_du_bosphore_s.jpg" alt="carte_du_bosphore_s" title="carte_du_bosphore_s.jpg" height="190" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>8 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>Décembre 2009 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Carte du <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bosphore</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #999999;"> Allemande <strong>fin 19e S</strong> représentant, de façon remarquable, la topographie des abords du Bosphore, notamment met en évidence le réseau  hydrographique naturel.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-12-08 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:40:02', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-12-08 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 4, 0, 39, '', '', 0, 6, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(207, '1 Décembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA ', '1-decembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea-', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1658_constantinople_b.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 237px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1658_constantinople_s.jpg" alt="1658_constantinople_s" title="1658_constantinople_s.jpg" height="237" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em><br /> 1 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>Décembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de  la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Carte de Constantinople du Cartographe <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>ABRAHAM  SAUTERS</strong></span>, éditée à FRANKFURT en <span style="color: #999999;"><strong>1658</strong></span>.<br /> Met bien en évidence la navigation sur la corne d''or et les remparts de la ville.<br /> <br /> Taille : 9,5 x 7,2cm.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-12-01 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:38:34', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-12-01 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 38, '', '', 0, 7, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(208, '23 Novembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '23-novembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1615_constantinople_beauvau_b.jpg" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 206px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1615_constantinople_beauvau_s.jpg" alt="1615_constantinople_beauvau_s" title="1615_constantinople_beauvau_s.jpg" height="206" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em><br /> 23 </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>Novembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de  la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #999999;">Carte rare de Constantinople tirée de  l''ouvrage " RELATION JOURNALLIERE DU VOYAGE DU LEVANT" de <br /> </span><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>HENRY </strong></span><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>BEAUVAU</strong></span>, éditée à NANCY en <strong><span style="color: #999999;">1615</span></strong>.<br /> <br /> Taille : 16 x 11cm.</span></span></span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-11-23 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:36:48', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-11-23 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 37, '', '', 0, 7, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(209, '16 Novembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '16-novembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1592_turkey_ortelius_b.jpg" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 264px; height: 300px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1592_turkey_ortelius_s.jpg" alt="1592_turkey_ortelius_s" title="1592_turkey_ortelius_s.jpg" height="300" width="264" /><span style="margin-left: 244px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>16</em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em> Novembre 2009 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Extrait  de carte de Trace du cartographe <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Abraham Ortelius</strong></span> de <strong><span style="color: #999999;">1592</span></strong>.<br /> <br /> Titre original :Romaniae (quae olim Thracia dicta) vicinarumque  Regionum..."<br /> Taille :36.5 x 50.1 cm<br /> <br /> <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Abraham Ortelius</span></strong> (1527-1598)<br /> Ortelius was a cartographer and geographer, generally recognised as the  creator of the first modern atlas. He was born in Antwerp in what is now  Belgium.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-11-16 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:34:09', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-11-16 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 36, '', '', 0, 0, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(210, '9 Novembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '9-novembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1541_ptolemy_trace_b.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 191px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1541_ptolemy_trace_s.jpg" alt="1541_ptolemy_trace_s" title="1541_ptolemy_trace_s.jpg" height="191" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em> </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>9 Novembre 2009 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span><br />\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Belle carte de Trace et des détroits du  cartographe et éditeur : </span><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Laurent </span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Fries</strong></span> (1490-1532)<br /> Titre original : Europae tabula nona. Continet Iaziges Metanastas,  Daciam, Mysiam superiorem</span></p>\r\n<p><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Année de publication : <strong><span style="color: #999999;">1541 </span></strong>à Viennes,</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #888888;"> 30,1 x 43 cm</span></span></span></p>\r\n<span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> Untitled trapezoidal <span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Ptolemaic</strong></span> woodcut map of the Balkan. From  the 1541 Vienne edition of Ptolemy''s Geographia published by Gaspar  Trechsel and sold by Hughes de la Porte in Lyons. The maps are cut by  Laurence Fries, first published in the 1522 Strasbourg edition. Showing  south east Europe from Adriatic Sea to Black Sea. This includes today  Albania, Macedonia, North of Greece and the Bosporus / Turkey around  Istanbul.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-11-09 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 15:00:43', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-11-09 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 35, '', '', 0, 4, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(211, '2 Novembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '2-novembre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/1572_porcacchi_const_b.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 225px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/1572_porcacchi_const_s.jpg" alt="1572_porcacchi_const_s" title="1572_porcacchi_const_s.jpg" height="225" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em> </em></span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>2 Novembre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de  la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Plan de Constantinople de </span><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Porcacchi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> en  <strong>1572</strong>.<br /> "ISTANBUL, CONSTANTINOPLE" du livre the L''Isole Piv Famose Del  Mondo. <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Edition</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> de 1620, 30cm x 20cm.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-11-02 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 14:54:49', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-11-02 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 34, '', '', 0, 4, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(212, '26 Octobre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '26-octobre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/cadastrgalatawall_b.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 192px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/cadastrgalatawall_s.jpg" alt="cadastrgalatawall_s" title="cadastrgalatawall_s.jpg" height="192" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em>26 Octobre 2009 /  Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">Plan Cadastral du quartier de Galata</span> <span style="color: #999999;">de <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>1977</strong>, comportant les </span></span><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ancien </span></span><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">remparts de la vielle ville.</span></span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-10-26 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 14:58:24', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-10-26 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 33, '', '', 0, 4, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(213, '19 Octobre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '19-octobre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/w_pertsch1889_b.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 231px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/w_pertsch1889_s.jpg" alt="w_pertsch1889_s" title="w_pertsch1889_s.jpg" height="231" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em><br /> 19 Octobre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"> Copie de la bibliothèque royale de Berlin par <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Pertsch</span></strong> en <strong>1889</strong> de la </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">belle représentation de Constantinople de <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Piri Reis</span></strong> , Kitab-ı- Barhriye, <strong>1525</strong>.</span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-10-19 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 14:56:49', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-10-19 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 3, 0, 32, '', '', 0, 5, 'robots=\nauthor='),
(214, '12 Octobre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA', '12-octobre-2009-cartotheque-de-lifea', '', '<a href="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/big/stielers_handatlas_1891_b.jpg?bw=&amp;bh=" target="_self"><span style="border: 0px solid #ffffff; margin: 5px; float: left; width: 300px; height: 189px;"><img src="images/stories/carto/cartesemaine/stielers_handatlas_1891_s.jpg" alt="stielers_handatlas_1891_s" title="stielers_handatlas_1891_s.jpg" height="189" width="300" /><span style="margin-left: 280px; margin-top: -20px;"></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;"><em><br /> 12 Octobre 2009 / Cartothèque de l''IFEA - la carte de la semaine :</em></span></span></strong></span> <br /> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;">La région d''Istanbul, extrait de la carte des Balkans et d''Asie  Mineure de l''atlas de <strong><span style="color: #ff6600;">Adolf Stielers</span></strong> "Handatlas",  publié par Gotha Julius Perthes en <strong>1891</strong>.<br /> </span>', '', 1, 11, 0, 78, '2009-10-12 00:00:00', 65, '', '2011-01-07 14:52:55', 65, 0, '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '2009-10-12 00:00:00', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', '', 'show_title=\nlink_titles=\nshow_intro=\nshow_section=\nlink_section=\nshow_category=\nlink_category=\nshow_vote=\nshow_author=\nshow_create_date=\nshow_modify_date=\nshow_pdf_icon=\nshow_print_icon=\nshow_email_icon=\nlanguage=\nkeyref=\nreadmore=', 4, 0, 31, '', '', 0, 1, 'robots=\nauthor=');
